महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-271, verse-26

ततः प्रावर्तत पुनः संग्रामः कटुकोदयः ।
रामरावणसैन्यानामन्योन्यमभिधावताम् ॥२६॥

26. tataḥ prāvartata punaḥ saṁgrāmaḥ kaṭukodayaḥ ,
rāmarāvaṇasainyānāmanyonyamabhidhāvatām.

26. tataḥ prāvartata punaḥ saṃgrāmaḥ kaṭukodayaḥ
rāmarāvaṇasainyānām anyonyam abhidhāvatām

26. Then, the battle with a bitter outcome between the armies of Rama and Ravana, who were charging at each other, commenced once more.

26. אז פרץ שוב קרב עם סוף מר, בין צבאותיהם של רָאמַה ורָאוַנַה שהסתערו זה על זה.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began (began, commenced, proceeded)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - once more (again, once more, further)

• संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war, conflict)

• कटुकोदयः (kaṭukodayaḥ) - having a bitter outcome (having a bitter outcome, bitter-ending)

• रामरावणसैन्यानाम् (rāmarāvaṇasainyānām) - of the armies of Rama and Ravana

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - against each other (mutually, each other, reciprocal)

• अभिधावताम् (abhidhāvatām) - of those charging (of those attacking, of those rushing)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began (began, commenced, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle, 3rd Person Singular

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - once more (again, once more, further)

(indeclinable)

संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war, conflict)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

कटुकोदयः (kaṭukodayaḥ) - having a bitter outcome (having a bitter outcome, bitter-ending)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṭukodaya

kaṭukodaya - having a bitter outcome, bitter-ending, resulting in bitterness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kaṭuka+udaya)

• kaṭuka – bitter, sharp, pungent
  adjective (masculine)
• udaya – rising, ascending, outcome, result, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

रामरावणसैन्यानाम् (rāmarāvaṇasainyānām) - of the armies of Rama and Ravana

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rāmarāvaṇasainya

rāmarāvaṇasainya - army of Rama and Ravana

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (rāma+rāvaṇa+sainya)

• rāma – Rama (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāvaṇa – Ravana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sainya – army, host, military
  noun (neuter)

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - against each other (mutually, each other, reciprocal)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage in accusative form.

अभिधावताम् (abhidhāvatām) - of those charging (of those attacking, of those rushing)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of abhidhāvat

abhidhāvat - running towards, rushing upon, attacking

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root dhāv (to run) with upasarga abhi, present participle form.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, genitive plural, modifying the implicit agents within the armies.

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