महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-271, verse-3

बहुधा युध्यमानास्ते युद्धमार्गैः प्लवंगमाः ।
नानाप्रहरणैर्भीमं राक्षसेन्द्रमताडयन् ॥३॥

3. bahudhā yudhyamānāste yuddhamārgaiḥ plavaṁgamāḥ ,
nānāpraharaṇairbhīmaṁ rākṣasendramatāḍayan.

3. bahudhā yudhyamānāḥ te yuddhamārgaiḥ plavaṅgamāḥ
nānāpraharanaiḥ bhīmam rākṣasendram atāḍayan

3. Those monkeys, fighting in many ways with various battle techniques, struck the formidable king of rākṣasas with diverse weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways (in many ways, manifoldly)

• युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - fighting (the monkeys) (fighting, battling (those who are fighting))

• ते (te) - they (the monkeys) (those, they)

• युद्धमार्गैः (yuddhamārgaiḥ) - with battle techniques (by battle-methods, with fighting strategies)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (monkeys (literally, jump-goers))

• नानाप्रहरनैः (nānāpraharanaiḥ) - with diverse weapons (with various weapons)

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - formidable (Kumbhakarna) (terrible, formidable)

• राक्षसेन्द्रम् (rākṣasendram) - king of rākṣasas (Kumbhakarna) (king of rākṣasas)

• अताडयन् (atāḍayan) - they struck (they struck, they beat)

Words meanings and morphology

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways (in many ways, manifoldly)

(indeclinable)

Formed from `bahu` (many) with the suffix `dhā`.

युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - fighting (the monkeys) (fighting, battling (those who are fighting))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present Middle Participle

From root `yudh` (to fight) with `śānac` (middle voice present participle) suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `te` and `plavaṅgamāḥ`.

ते (te) - they (the monkeys) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

युद्धमार्गैः (yuddhamārgaiḥ) - with battle techniques (by battle-methods, with fighting strategies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yuddhamārga

yuddhamārga - battle-path, fighting strategy

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+mārga)

• yuddha – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `yudh` (to fight) with suffix `kta`.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• mārga – path, way, method
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (monkeys (literally, jump-goers))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey

Compound type : karmadhāraya (plava+gama)

• plava – jump, leap, boat
  noun (masculine)
  From root `plu` (to float, to jump).
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, one who goes
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `gam` (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of `atāḍayan`.

नानाप्रहरनैः (nānāpraharanaiḥ) - with diverse weapons (with various weapons)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nānāpraharana

nānāpraharana - various weapons

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nānā+praharana)

• nānā – various, diverse
  indeclinable
• praharana – weapon, striking
  noun (neuter)
  From root `hṛ` (to carry) with prefix `pra` and suffix `ana`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

भीमम् (bhīmam) - formidable (Kumbhakarna) (terrible, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, awful

From root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `rākṣasendram`.

राक्षसेन्द्रम् (rākṣasendram) - king of rākṣasas (Kumbhakarna) (king of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - lord of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id (class 1)

Note: Object of `atāḍayan`.

अताडयन् (atāḍayan) - they struck (they struck, they beat)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tāḍ

Imperfect Active Third Person Plural

Root `taḍ` (class 10), Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural.

Root: taḍ (class 10)