महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-232, verse-4

जानाति ह्येष दुर्बुद्धिरस्मानिह चिरोषितान् ।
स एष परिभूयास्मानकार्षीदिदमप्रियम् ॥४॥

4. jānāti hyeṣa durbuddhirasmāniha ciroṣitān ,
sa eṣa paribhūyāsmānakārṣīdidamapriyam.

4. jānāti hi eṣaḥ durbuddhiḥ asmān iha ciroṣitān
saḥ eṣaḥ paribhūya asmān akārṣīt idam apriyam

4. Indeed, this evil-minded person knows that we have been residing here for a long time. This very person, having humiliated us, has done this disagreeable deed.

4. הרשע הזה יודע שאנו שוהים כאן זמן רב. הוא זלזל בנו ועשה את המעשה הלא נעים הזה.

Words meanings summery:

• जानाति (jānāti) - he knows, he understands

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - the evil-minded Duryodhana (evil-minded, foolish, one with bad intellect)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• चिरोषितान् (ciroṣitān) - having resided for a long time, long-residing

• सः (saḥ) - that, that one, he

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• परिभूय (paribhūya) - having humiliated, having overpowered, having slighted

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• अकार्षीत् (akārṣīt) - he did, he made

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeable deed (disagreeable thing, unpleasant, undesirable)

Words meanings and morphology

जानाति (jānāti) - he knows, he understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the evil-minded person.

दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - the evil-minded Duryodhana (evil-minded, foolish, one with bad intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - evil-minded, foolish, bad intellect

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Object of jānāti and paribhūya.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

चिरोषितान् (ciroṣitān) - having resided for a long time, long-residing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ciroṣita

ciroṣita - having resided for a long time, long-residing

Past Passive Participle

From cira (long time) + vas (to dwell) > uṣita (resided)

Compound type : tatpurusha (cira+uṣita)

• cira – long (time)
  adjective
• uṣita – dwelt, resided, stayed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vas' (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies asmān.

सः (saḥ) - that, that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the same evil-minded person.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Emphasizes saḥ.

परिभूय (paribhūya) - having humiliated, having overpowered, having slighted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From pari- + bhū (to be, become, overpower)

Prefix: pari

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects to akārṣīt.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Object of paribhūya.

अकार्षीत् (akārṣīt) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Refers to apriyam.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeable deed (disagreeable thing, unpleasant, undesirable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, undesirable, not dear

Compound of a (negation) + priya (dear, pleasant)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)

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