महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-232, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अस्मानभिगतांस्तात भयार्ताञ्शरणैषिणः ।
कौरवान्विषमप्राप्तान्कथं ब्रूयास्त्वमीदृशम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
asmānabhigatāṁstāta bhayārtāñśaraṇaiṣiṇaḥ ,
kauravānviṣamaprāptānkathaṁ brūyāstvamīdṛśam.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca asmān abhigatān tāta bhayārtān śaraṇaiṣiṇaḥ
kauravān viṣamaprāptān katham brūyāḥ tvam īdṛśam

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "My dear (tāta), how can you speak such words regarding us, who have arrived, afflicted by fear and seeking refuge, and also regarding the Kauravas, who have fallen into distress?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pandava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said; spoke

• अस्मान् (asmān) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers. (us; about us)

• अभिगतान् (abhigatān) - Refers to having approached someone (implied, perhaps the king/elders, or a state of seeking refuge). (approached; come near; arrived)

• तात (tāta) - An affectionate address by Yudhiṣṭhira to Bhimasena. (dear one; father; son)

• भयार्तान् (bhayārtān) - afflicted by fear; tormented by fear; fearful

• शरणैषिणः (śaraṇaiṣiṇaḥ) - seeking refuge; wishing for protection

• कौरवान् (kauravān) - Refers to Duryodhana and his brothers. (the Kauravas; the descendants of Kuru)

• विषमप्राप्तान् (viṣamaprāptān) - having fallen into distress; in a difficult situation

• कथम् (katham) - Expressing astonishment or disapproval. (how; why)

• ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should speak; you would speak; should you say

• त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Bhimasena. (you (singular))

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - Refers to the harsh words Bhimasena was speaking. (such; of this kind; such a thing)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound of yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) and sthira (firm, steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle; fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm; steady; steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said; spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्मान् (asmān) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers. (us; about us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I; we

Note: Object of brūyāḥ in the sense of 'speaking about'.

अभिगतान् (abhigatān) - Refers to having approached someone (implied, perhaps the king/elders, or a state of seeking refuge). (approached; come near; arrived)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhigata

abhigata - approached; gone towards; arrived; visited

Past Passive Participle

From verb abhi + gam (to go) + kta suffix

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

तात (tāta) - An affectionate address by Yudhiṣṭhira to Bhimasena. (dear one; father; son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father; son; dear one (term of endearment for addressing an elder or younger person)

भयार्तान् (bhayārtān) - afflicted by fear; tormented by fear; fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhayārta

bhayārta - afflicted by fear; terrified; fearful

Compound of bhaya (fear) and ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear; dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ārta – afflicted; distressed; pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go) or ṛcch (to go) + kta suffix
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies asmān.

शरणैषिणः (śaraṇaiṣiṇaḥ) - seeking refuge; wishing for protection

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaraṇaiṣin

śaraṇaiṣin - seeking refuge; wishing for protection

Compound agent noun/adjective

Compound of śaraṇa (refuge) and eṣin (seeking)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+eṣin)

• śaraṇa – refuge; shelter; protection
  noun (neuter)
  From root śṛ (to crush, break) or śri (to lean on)
  Root: śṛ (class 9)
• eṣin – seeking; desiring; going
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root iṣ (to seek, desire) + ṇini/ghinuṇ suffix
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies asmān.

कौरवान् (kauravān) - Refers to Duryodhana and his brothers. (the Kauravas; the descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru; a member of the Kuru clan

From Kuru + aṇ suffix.

Note: Object of brūyāḥ.

विषमप्राप्तान् (viṣamaprāptān) - having fallen into distress; in a difficult situation

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viṣamaprāpta

viṣamaprāpta - fallen into distress; having reached a difficult state; unfortunate

Compound adjective

Compound of viṣama (difficult, uneven) and prāpta (obtained, reached).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣama+prāpta)

• viṣama – uneven; difficult; adverse; dangerous
  adjective (neuter)
• prāpta – obtained; reached; arrived; gained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb pra + āp (to obtain, reach) + kta suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies kauravān.

कथम् (katham) - Expressing astonishment or disapproval. (how; why)

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should speak; you would speak; should you say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Bhimasena. (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Subject of brūyāḥ.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - Refers to the harsh words Bhimasena was speaking. (such; of this kind; such a thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such; of this kind; like this

From idam + dṛś (to see) + kha suffix.

Note: Object of brūyāḥ.