महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-232, verse-4

जानाति ह्येष दुर्बुद्धिरस्मानिह चिरोषितान् ।
स एष परिभूयास्मानकार्षीदिदमप्रियम् ॥४॥

4. jānāti hyeṣa durbuddhirasmāniha ciroṣitān ,
sa eṣa paribhūyāsmānakārṣīdidamapriyam.

4. jānāti hi eṣaḥ durbuddhiḥ asmān iha ciroṣitān
saḥ eṣaḥ paribhūya asmān akārṣīt idam apriyam

4. Indeed, this evil-minded person knows that we have been residing here for a long time. This very person, having humiliated us, has done this disagreeable deed.

Words meanings summery:

• जानाति (jānāti) - he knows, he understands

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - the evil-minded Duryodhana (evil-minded, foolish, one with bad intellect)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• चिरोषितान् (ciroṣitān) - having resided for a long time, long-residing

• सः (saḥ) - that, that one, he

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• परिभूय (paribhūya) - having humiliated, having overpowered, having slighted

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• अकार्षीत् (akārṣīt) - he did, he made

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeable deed (disagreeable thing, unpleasant, undesirable)

Words meanings and morphology

जानाति (jānāti) - he knows, he understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the evil-minded person.

दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - the evil-minded Duryodhana (evil-minded, foolish, one with bad intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - evil-minded, foolish, bad intellect

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Object of jānāti and paribhūya.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

चिरोषितान् (ciroṣitān) - having resided for a long time, long-residing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ciroṣita

ciroṣita - having resided for a long time, long-residing

Past Passive Participle

From cira (long time) + vas (to dwell) > uṣita (resided)

Compound type : tatpurusha (cira+uṣita)

• cira – long (time)
  adjective
• uṣita – dwelt, resided, stayed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vas' (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies asmān.

सः (saḥ) - that, that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the same evil-minded person.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Emphasizes saḥ.

परिभूय (paribhūya) - having humiliated, having overpowered, having slighted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From pari- + bhū (to be, become, overpower)

Prefix: pari

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects to akārṣīt.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Object of paribhūya.

अकार्षीत् (akārṣīt) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Refers to apriyam.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - disagreeable deed (disagreeable thing, unpleasant, undesirable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, undesirable, not dear

Compound of a (negation) + priya (dear, pleasant)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)