महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-7

तस्मिन्गृहीते राजेन्द्र स्थितं दुःशासनं रथे ।
पर्यगृह्णन्त गन्धर्वाः परिवार्य समन्ततः ॥७॥

7. tasmingṛhīte rājendra sthitaṁ duḥśāsanaṁ rathe ,
paryagṛhṇanta gandharvāḥ parivārya samantataḥ.

7. tasmin gṛhīte rājendra sthitam duḥśāsanam rathe
paryagṛhṇanta gandharvāḥ parivārya samantataḥ

7. O best of kings, when he (Duryodhana) was captured, the Gandharvas surrounded Duśśāsana, who was standing in his chariot, encircling him from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation/person) (in that, on that, concerning that)

• गृहीते (gṛhīte) - (when he was) captured (seized, captured, taken)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O king, O best of kings)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - stationed, standing (standing, situated, being)

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duśśāsana (Duśśāsana (a proper noun))

• रथे (rathe) - in his chariot (in the chariot)

• पर्यगृह्णन्त (paryagṛhṇanta) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they seized)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - encompassing (having surrounded, encompassing)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around, completely)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation/person) (in that, on that, concerning that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied by context).

गृहीते (gṛhīte) - (when he was) captured (seized, captured, taken)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gṛhīta

gṛhīta - seized, taken, captured, accepted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'grah' + suffix 'kta'

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Adjectival form agreeing with 'tasmin', used in a locative absolute construction.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O king, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, best of kings, a king

'rājan' (king) + 'indra' (chief)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, the god Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the listener, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Yudhiṣṭhira depending on narrative frame.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - stationed, standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' + suffix 'kta'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥśāsanam'.

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duśśāsana (Duśśāsana (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duśśāsana (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Object of 'paryagṛhṇanta'.

रथे (rathe) - in his chariot (in the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

पर्यगृह्णन्त (paryagṛhṇanta) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they seized)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of grah

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (from 'pari' + 'grah')

Root 'grah', 9th class, Laṅ (Imperfect), 'pari' (prefix)

Prefix: pari

Root: grah (class 9)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, musicians and dancers)

Note: Subject of 'paryagṛhṇanta'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - encompassing (having surrounded, encompassing)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root 'vṛ' with prefix 'pari', ending in 'ya'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying 'paryagṛhṇanta'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around, completely)

(indeclinable)

'samanta' + suffix 'tas'

Note: Adverb.