महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-7

तस्मिन्गृहीते राजेन्द्र स्थितं दुःशासनं रथे ।
पर्यगृह्णन्त गन्धर्वाः परिवार्य समन्ततः ॥७॥

7. tasmingṛhīte rājendra sthitaṁ duḥśāsanaṁ rathe ,
paryagṛhṇanta gandharvāḥ parivārya samantataḥ.

7. tasmin gṛhīte rājendra sthitam duḥśāsanam rathe
paryagṛhṇanta gandharvāḥ parivārya samantataḥ

7. O best of kings, when he (Duryodhana) was captured, the Gandharvas surrounded Duśśāsana, who was standing in his chariot, encircling him from all sides.

7. הו מלך המלכים, אחרי שנתפס, הקיפו הגַנְדְהַרְוַה מכל עבר גם את דוּהְשָׁאסַנַה, שעמד על מרכבתו, ולכדו אותו.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation/person) (in that, on that, concerning that)

• गृहीते (gṛhīte) - (when he was) captured (seized, captured, taken)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O king, O best of kings)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - stationed, standing (standing, situated, being)

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duśśāsana (Duśśāsana (a proper noun))

• रथे (rathe) - in his chariot (in the chariot)

• पर्यगृह्णन्त (paryagṛhṇanta) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they seized)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - encompassing (having surrounded, encompassing)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around, completely)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation/person) (in that, on that, concerning that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied by context).

गृहीते (gṛhīte) - (when he was) captured (seized, captured, taken)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gṛhīta

gṛhīta - seized, taken, captured, accepted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'grah' + suffix 'kta'

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Adjectival form agreeing with 'tasmin', used in a locative absolute construction.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O best of kings (O king, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, best of kings, a king

'rājan' (king) + 'indra' (chief)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, the god Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the listener, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Yudhiṣṭhira depending on narrative frame.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - stationed, standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' + suffix 'kta'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥśāsanam'.

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duśśāsana (Duśśāsana (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duśśāsana (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Object of 'paryagṛhṇanta'.

रथे (rathe) - in his chariot (in the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

पर्यगृह्णन्त (paryagṛhṇanta) - they surrounded (they surrounded, they seized)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of grah

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (from 'pari' + 'grah')

Root 'grah', 9th class, Laṅ (Imperfect), 'pari' (prefix)

Prefix: pari

Root: grah (class 9)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas (Gandharvas (celestial musicians))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, musicians and dancers)

Note: Subject of 'paryagṛhṇanta'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - encompassing (having surrounded, encompassing)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root 'vṛ' with prefix 'pari', ending in 'ya'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying 'paryagṛhṇanta'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around, completely)

(indeclinable)

'samanta' + suffix 'tas'

Note: Adverb.

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