महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
गन्धर्वैस्तु महाराज भग्ने कर्णे महारथे ।
संप्राद्रवच्चमूः सर्वा धार्तराष्ट्रस्य पश्यतः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
gandharvaistu mahārāja bhagne karṇe mahārathe ,
saṁprādravaccamūḥ sarvā dhārtarāṣṭrasya paśyataḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca gandharvaiḥ tu mahārāja bhagne karṇe
mahārathe samprādravat camūḥ sarvā dhārtarāṣṭrasya paśyataḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: 'O great king (mahārāja), when the great charioteer Karṇa had his chariot shattered by the Gandharvas, the entire army of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons fled while [Duryodhana] was watching.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• महाराज (mahārāja) - addressed to King Janamejaya (O great king)

• भग्ने (bhagne) - when his chariot was shattered (having been broken, shattered)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - Karṇa (in a locative absolute construction, referring to when his chariot was broken) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa, with Karṇa)

• महारथे (mahārathe) - the great charioteer (epithet for Karṇa, in a locative absolute construction) (in the great charioteer, to the great charioteer)

• सम्प्राद्रवत् (samprādravat) - it fled, ran away

• चमूः (camūḥ) - army, host

• सर्वा (sarvā) - entire, all, whole

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - refers to Duryodhana, or collectively to his sons (Kauravas) (of the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, of Duryodhana, of the Kauravas)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while [Duryodhana] was watching (genitive absolute) (while seeing, of him who sees, as he was watching)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator of the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, who narrated the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - a Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, often musicians or warriors)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - addressed to King Janamejaya (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

भग्ने (bhagne) - when his chariot was shattered (having been broken, shattered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, frustrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhañj' (to break).

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, modifying 'karṇe mahārathe' and implying 'chariot'.

कर्णे (karṇe) - Karṇa (in a locative absolute construction, referring to when his chariot was broken) (in Karṇa, to Karṇa, with Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, helm, Karṇa (a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

महारथे (mahārathe) - the great charioteer (epithet for Karṇa, in a locative absolute construction) (in the great charioteer, to the great charioteer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a great charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, charioteer (by extension)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

सम्प्राद्रवत् (samprādravat) - it fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of dru

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

चमूः (camūḥ) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - an army, host, troop, battle-array

सर्वा (sarvā) - entire, all, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Used adjectivally, agreeing with 'camūḥ'.

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - refers to Duryodhana, or collectively to his sons (Kauravas) (of the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, of Duryodhana, of the Kauravas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - a descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; typically refers to Duryodhana or the Kauravas

Patronymic derivation from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while [Duryodhana] was watching (genitive absolute) (while seeing, of him who sees, as he was watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, beholding, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'dṛś' (to see), with the present stem 'paśya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used in a genitive absolute construction, modifying an implied subject (Duryodhana).