महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-12

दुःशासनो दुर्विषहो दुर्मुखो दुर्जयस्तथा ।
बद्ध्वा ह्रियन्ते गन्धर्वै राजदाराश्च सर्वशः ॥१२॥

12. duḥśāsano durviṣaho durmukho durjayastathā ,
baddhvā hriyante gandharvai rājadārāśca sarvaśaḥ.

12. duḥśāsanaḥ durviṣahaḥ durmukhaḥ durjayaḥ tathā
baddhvā hriyante gandharvaiḥ rājadārāḥ ca sarvaśaḥ

12. Duḥśāsana, along with Durviṣaha, Durmukha, and Durjaya, as well as all the royal wives, are being taken away by the Gandharvas after being bound.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

• दुर्विषहः (durviṣahaḥ) - One of the Kaurava princes. (Durviṣaha)

• दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - Durmukha

• दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - Durjaya

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having tied

• ह्रियन्ते (hriyante) - are being carried away, are being seized

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas

• राजदाराः (rājadārāḥ) - The wives of Duryodhana and his brothers. (royal wives, queens)

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all of them, without exception (entirely, completely, all)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a proper noun, meaning "hard to rule" or "bad ruler")

From dus (bad, difficult) + śāsana (ruling, commanding).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• śāsana – rule, command, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root śās- 'to rule, command'.
  Root: śās (class 2)

दुर्विषहः (durviṣahaḥ) - One of the Kaurava princes. (Durviṣaha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durviṣaha

durviṣaha - Durviṣaha (a proper noun, meaning "difficult to endure")

From dus (difficult) + viṣaha (to bear/endure, from root sah- with vi-).

Compound type : praśāntādisamāsa (dus+viṣaha)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• viṣaha – bearing, enduring, overcoming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from verbal root
  Derived from root sah- 'to bear, endure' with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sah (class 1)

दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - Durmukha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - Durmukha (a proper noun, meaning "ill-faced" or "foul-mouthed")

From dus (bad, ill) + mukha (face, mouth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+mukha)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, opening
  noun (neuter)

दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - Durjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durjaya

durjaya - Durjaya (a proper noun, meaning "difficult to conquer")

From dus (difficult) + jaya (conquest, victory, from root ji-).

Compound type : praśāntādisamāsa (dus+jaya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• jaya – victory, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji- 'to conquer'.
  Root: ji (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

(indeclinable)

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having tied

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root bandh (Class 9) with suffix -tvā.

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: The absolutive form expresses an action completed before the main verb.

ह्रियन्ते (hriyante) - are being carried away, are being seized

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of hṛ

Present Passive

Derived from root hṛ (Class 1) with passive suffix -ya and Ātmanepada ending -nte (for 3rd person plural).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, musicians, and singers)

राजदाराः (rājadārāḥ) - The wives of Duryodhana and his brothers. (royal wives, queens)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rājadāra

rājadāra - king's wife, queen, royal women

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+dāra)

• rājan – king, ruler, kingdom
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife, wives (plural)
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - all of them, without exception (entirely, completely, all)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sarva with the adverbial suffix -śaḥ.