महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-15

अन्यथा वर्तमानानामर्थो जातोऽयमन्यथा ।
अस्माभिर्यदनुष्ठेयं गन्धर्वैस्तदनुष्ठितम् ॥१५॥

15. anyathā vartamānānāmartho jāto'yamanyathā ,
asmābhiryadanuṣṭheyaṁ gandharvaistadanuṣṭhitam.

15. anyathā vartamānānām arthaḥ jātaḥ ayam anyathā |
asmābhiḥ yat anuṣṭheyam gandharvaiḥ tat anuṣṭhitam

15. This matter has turned out differently for those who were acting improperly. What we were supposed to do has been accomplished by the Gandharvas.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - improperly, contrary to what is expected (otherwise, differently, in another way)

• वर्तमानानाम् (vartamānānām) - of those who were acting (improperly) (of those who are existing, of those who are behaving)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - this situation, the matter at hand (meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - has turned out, has happened (born, produced, become)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (matter/situation) (this)

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - differently, contrary to expectations (otherwise, differently, in another way)

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• यत् (yat) - what (was to be done) (which, what, that)

• अनुष्ठेयम् (anuṣṭheyam) - what was to be done (by us) (to be performed, to be done, proper to be done)

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

• अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - performed, accomplished

Words meanings and morphology

अन्यथा (anyathā) - improperly, contrary to what is expected (otherwise, differently, in another way)

(indeclinable)

वर्तमानानाम् (vartamānānām) - of those who were acting (improperly) (of those who are existing, of those who are behaving)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present, acting

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn) + śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to individuals.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - this situation, the matter at hand (meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth, thing

जातः (jātaḥ) - has turned out, has happened (born, produced, become)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, happened, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born, to produce) + kta suffix.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agreement with arthaḥ.

अयम् (ayam) - this (matter/situation) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to arthaḥ.

अन्यथा (anyathā) - differently, contrary to expectations (otherwise, differently, in another way)

(indeclinable)

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Null gender for pronouns like asmad/yuṣmad.

यत् (yat) - what (was to be done) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Functions as object of the gerundive.

अनुष्ठेयम् (anuṣṭheyam) - what was to be done (by us) (to be performed, to be done, proper to be done)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣṭheya

anuṣṭheya - to be performed, to be done, proper to be done

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix anu- (anutiṣṭhati - to perform) + eṇya or yat suffix. The root is sthā after anu and ṣṭha transformation.

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: anu-ṣṭhā (to execute, perform).

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, often musicians or warriors)

Note: Agent of the action.

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers back to yat anuṣṭheyam.

अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - performed, accomplished

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣṭhita

anuṣṭhita - performed, accomplished, executed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix anu- + kta suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The main verb-like element in this clause.