महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-13

इति दुर्योधनामात्याः क्रोशन्तो राजगृद्धिनः ।
आर्ता दीनस्वराः सर्वे युधिष्ठिरमुपागमन् ॥१३॥

13. iti duryodhanāmātyāḥ krośanto rājagṛddhinaḥ ,
ārtā dīnasvarāḥ sarve yudhiṣṭhiramupāgaman.

13. iti duryodhanāmātyāḥ krośantaḥ rājagṛddhinaḥ
ārtāḥ dīnasvarāḥ sarve yudhiṣṭhiram upāgaman

13. Thus, all of Duryodhana's ministers, ambitious for the kingdom, distressed, and crying out with piteous voices, approached Yudhiṣṭhira.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• दुर्योधनामात्याः (duryodhanāmātyāḥ) - Duryodhana's ministers

• क्रोशन्तः (krośantaḥ) - crying out, wailing, shouting

• राजगृद्धिनः (rājagṛddhinaḥ) - greedy for the kingdom, coveting sovereignty

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• दीनस्वराः (dīnasvarāḥ) - with piteous voices, having a miserable sound

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of Duryodhana's ministers (all, everyone)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhiṣṭhira

• उपागमन् (upāgaman) - approached

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनामात्याः (duryodhanāmātyāḥ) - Duryodhana's ministers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanāmātya

duryodhanāmātya - Duryodhana's minister

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+amātya)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name, 'difficult to fight')
  proper noun (masculine)
• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)
  From amā 'together' + root i 'to go', or from mā 'to measure/arrange'.

क्रोशन्तः (krośantaḥ) - crying out, wailing, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruśat

kruśat - crying, shouting, wailing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kruś (Class 1) with the present participle suffix -at.

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: This participle modifies "amātyāḥ".

राजगृद्धिनः (rājagṛddhinaḥ) - greedy for the kingdom, coveting sovereignty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājagṛddhin

rājagṛddhin - greedy for the kingdom, ambitious for kingship, coveting sovereignty

From rāja (kingdom/king) + gṛddhin (greedy, desirous).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+gṛddhin)

• rājan – king, ruler, kingdom
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, covetous, desirous
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gṛdh- 'to be greedy' with suffix -in.
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: This adjective modifies "amātyāḥ".

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ- 'to go, to move' (with ā) or ṛdh 'to vex', or from root ṛ 'to go' + ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: This participle modifies "amātyāḥ".

दीनस्वराः (dīnasvarāḥ) - with piteous voices, having a miserable sound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīnasvara

dīnasvara - having a piteous voice, having a miserable sound

From dīna (miserable, wretched) + svara (sound, voice).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+svara)

• dīna – poor, wretched, miserable, sad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle of root 'dai' (to become wretched) or 'dī' (to fade).
  Root: dī (class 4)
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)
  From root svṛ- 'to sound'.
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: This adjective modifies "amātyāḥ".

सर्वे (sarve) - all of Duryodhana's ministers (all, everyone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to "duryodhanāmātyāḥ".

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, 'firm in battle')

From yudhi (locative of yudh 'battle') + sthira (firm, steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā- 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Indicates destination or object of motion.

उपागमन् (upāgaman) - approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect

Derived from root gam (Class 1) with upasarga upa- and augment ā-, and Parasmaipada ending -an (for 3rd person plural).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)