महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-2

तान्दृष्ट्वा द्रवतः सर्वान्धार्तराष्ट्रान्पराङ्मुखान् ।
दुर्योधनो महाराज नासीत्तत्र पराङ्मुखः ॥२॥

2. tāndṛṣṭvā dravataḥ sarvāndhārtarāṣṭrānparāṅmukhān ,
duryodhano mahārāja nāsīttatra parāṅmukhaḥ.

2. tān dṛṣṭvā dravataḥ sarvān dhārtarāṣṭrān parāṅmukhān
duryodhanaḥ mahārāja na āsīt tatra parāṅmukhaḥ

2. Having seen all those sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra fleeing and turning their backs, Duryodhana, O great king (mahārāja), did not turn his back there.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing, running away

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kauravas

• पराङ्मुखान् (parāṅmukhān) - turning their backs, facing away, retreating

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - addressed to King Janamejaya (O great king)

• न (na) - not, no

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he was

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turning his back, facing away, retreating

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) formed with the suffix '-tvā'.

द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing, running away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, fleeing, swift

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'dru' (to run, flee).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tān dhārtarāṣṭrān'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Used adjectivally, agreeing with 'dhārtarāṣṭrān'.

धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kauravas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - a descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; typically refers to Duryodhana or the Kauravas

Patronymic derivation from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पराङ्मुखान् (parāṅmukhān) - turning their backs, facing away, retreating

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, retreating, fugitive

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, backward, averted
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tān dhārtarāṣṭrān'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (the principal antagonist in the Mahābhārata, eldest of the Kauravas)

महाराज (mahārāja) - addressed to King Janamejaya (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turning his back, facing away, retreating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, retreating, fugitive

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, backward, averted
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'duryodhanaḥ'.