महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-231, verse-20

अधर्मो हि कृतस्तेन येनैतदुपशिक्षितम् ।
अनृशंसास्तु कौन्तेयास्तस्याध्यक्षान्ब्रवीमि वः ॥२०॥

20. adharmo hi kṛtastena yenaitadupaśikṣitam ,
anṛśaṁsāstu kaunteyāstasyādhyakṣānbravīmi vaḥ.

20. adharmaḥ hi kṛtaḥ tena yena etat upaśikṣitam
anṛśaṃsāḥ tu kaunteyāḥ tasya adhyakṣān bravīmi vaḥ

20. Indeed, unrighteousness (adharma) was committed by him who instigated this. But, O merciful sons of Kunti, I declare you as his witnesses.

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; injustice; that which is contrary to natural law (dharma); evil

• हि (hi) - indeed; surely; because

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done; made; performed

• तेन (tena) - Refers to Duryodhana. (by him; by that)

• येन (yena) - Refers to the same person as tena. (by whom; by which)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the instigation or teaching of unrighteous acts (like the dice game). (this; this thing)

• उपशिक्षितम् (upaśikṣitam) - Refers to the instigation of wicked acts. (taught; instigated; instructed)

• अनृशंसाः (anṛśaṁsāḥ) - merciful; compassionate; not cruel

• तु (tu) - but; on the other hand; indeed

• कौन्तेयाः (kaunteyāḥ) - Addressed to the Pandavas. (O sons of Kunti; the Kaunteyas)

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Duryodhana. (of him; his)

• अध्यक्षान् (adhyakṣān) - As witnesses to his actions/transgressions. (witnesses; overseers; superintendents)

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak; I tell; I declare

• वः (vaḥ) - Refers to the Kaunteyas. (to you; of you; you (plural))

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness; injustice; that which is contrary to natural law (dharma); evil

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness; that which is not natural law (dharma); wickedness

Negative compound of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not; non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• dharma – natural law; constitution; righteousness; duty; virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed; surely; because

(indeclinable)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done; made; performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done; made; performed; finished

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies adharmaḥ.

तेन (tena) - Refers to Duryodhana. (by him; by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he; she; it

Note: Agent of kṛtaḥ.

येन (yena) - Refers to the same person as tena. (by whom; by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which; who; what

Note: Agent of upaśikṣitam.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the instigation or teaching of unrighteous acts (like the dice game). (this; this thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this; this one

Note: Object of upaśikṣitam.

उपशिक्षितम् (upaśikṣitam) - Refers to the instigation of wicked acts. (taught; instigated; instructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upaśikṣita

upaśikṣita - taught; instructed; instigated

Past Passive Participle

From root śikṣ (to teach, learn) with upasarga upa + kta suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: śikṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies etat.

अनृशंसाः (anṛśaṁsāḥ) - merciful; compassionate; not cruel

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anṛśaṃsa

anṛśaṁsa - not cruel; merciful; kind; compassionate

Negative compound of nṛśaṃsa (cruel)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nṛśaṃsa)

• a – not; non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• nṛśaṃsa – cruel; wicked; merciless
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies kaunteyāḥ.

तु (tu) - but; on the other hand; indeed

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेयाः (kaunteyāḥ) - Addressed to the Pandavas. (O sons of Kunti; the Kaunteyas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti; a descendant of Kunti

Derived from Kunti + ḍhak suffix.

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Duryodhana. (of him; his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he; she; it

अध्यक्षान् (adhyakṣān) - As witnesses to his actions/transgressions. (witnesses; overseers; superintendents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of adhyakṣa

adhyakṣa - superintendent; overseer; witness; controller

Compound of adhi + akṣa (eye, sense)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhi+akṣa)

• adhi – over; upon; superior
  indeclinable
  Preposition/upasarga
• akṣa – eye; sense; dice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of bravīmi.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak; I tell; I declare

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of brū

Irregular present stem from root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

वः (vaḥ) - Refers to the Kaunteyas. (to you; of you; you (plural))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)