महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-202, verse-5

शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।
एते गुणाः पञ्च भूमेः सर्वेभ्यो गुणवत्तराः ॥५॥

5. śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca raso gandhaśca pañcamaḥ ,
ete guṇāḥ pañca bhūmeḥ sarvebhyo guṇavattarāḥ.

5. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ gandhaḥ ca pañcamaḥ
ete guṇāḥ pañca bhūmeḥ sarvebhyaḥ guṇavattarāḥ

5. Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell as the fifth (sense quality)—these five are the qualities of earth. They are considered superior to the qualities found in all other elements.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound

• स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, sensation of touch

• च (ca) - and

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, color

• च (ca) - and

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, essence, juice

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell, odor, fragrance

• च (ca) - and

• पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - fifth

• एते (ete) - these

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of earth

• सर्वेभ्यः (sarvebhyaḥ) - than all, from all

• गुणवत्तराः (guṇavattarāḥ) - more excellent in qualities, more endowed with qualities, superior in qualities

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, voice

Note: One of the five tanmātras (subtle elements) and gross qualities.

स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, sensation of touch

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, sensation of touch

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Second quality mentioned.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śabdaḥ' and 'sparśaḥ'.

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, color

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, color, shape

Note: Third quality mentioned.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sparśaḥ' and 'rūpam'.

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, essence, juice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, essence, flavor, juice, sentiment

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Fourth quality mentioned.

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell, odor, fragrance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

Note: Fifth quality mentioned.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rasaḥ' and 'gandhaḥ'.

पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - fifth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth

Note: Qualifies 'gandhaḥ' as the fifth quality.

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the five qualities.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'guṇāḥ'.

भूमेः (bhūmeḥ) - of earth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Note: Relates to 'guṇāḥ'.

सर्वेभ्यः (sarvebhyaḥ) - than all, from all

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Used with a comparative adjective 'guṇavattarāḥ'.

गुणवत्तराः (guṇavattarāḥ) - more excellent in qualities, more endowed with qualities, superior in qualities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇavattara

guṇavattara - more excellent in qualities, superior in qualities

comparative degree of guṇavat

Note: Qualifies 'ete guṇāḥ'.