महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-202, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवमुक्तः स विप्रस्तु धर्मव्याधेन भारत ।
कथामकथयद्भूयो मनसः प्रीतिवर्धनीम् ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evamuktaḥ sa viprastu dharmavyādhena bhārata ,
kathāmakathayadbhūyo manasaḥ prītivardhanīm.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ sa vipraḥ tu dharmavyādhena
bhārata kathām akathayat bhūyaḥ manasaḥ prītivardhanīm

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: 'O Bhārata, when that brahmin was thus addressed by the Dharma-Vyādha, he then narrated another story that enhanced the mind's delight.'

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya, who is narrating the story (Mārkaṇḍeya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Mārkaṇḍeya said (he said, he spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (referring to the Dharma-Vyādha's preceding speech) (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (spoken, addressed, said)

• स (sa) - that (brahmin) (he, that)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the brahmin (who was interacting with the Dharma-Vyādha) (brahmin, sage, inspired one)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizes the statement (but, indeed, however)

• धर्मव्याधेन (dharmavyādhena) - by the Dharma-Vyādha, the righteous fowler (a character in the Mahābhārata) (by the Dharma-Vyādha)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• कथाम् (kathām) - a story (story, narrative, tale)

• अकथयत् (akathayat) - he narrated (the story) (he narrated, he told)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further (another story) (again, further, more)

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind (of the mind, from the mind)

• प्रीतिवर्धनीम् (prītivardhanīm) - that which increased the mind's delight (increasing joy, delight-enhancing)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya, who is narrating the story (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Name of an ancient sage, known for his longevity and wisdom

Descendant of Mṛkaṇḍu.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Mārkaṇḍeya said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular active, from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (referring to the Dharma-Vyādha's preceding speech) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (spoken, addressed, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Forms a participial clause.

स (sa) - that (brahmin) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'akathayat', referring to 'vipraḥ'.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the brahmin (who was interacting with the Dharma-Vyādha) (brahmin, sage, inspired one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, priest, sage; inspired, learned; 'twice-born' (dvija)

Root: vip (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizes the statement (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

धर्मव्याधेन (dharmavyādhena) - by the Dharma-Vyādha, the righteous fowler (a character in the Mahābhārata) (by the Dharma-Vyādha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmavyādha

dharmavyādha - the Righteous Hunter/Fowler (a legendary character in the Mahābhārata who teaches a brahmin about dharma through his own virtuous life)

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'dharma' (righteousness, natural law) + 'vyādha' (hunter, fowler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vyādha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, moral law
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vyādha – hunter, fowler, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an inhabitant of Bhārata-varṣa (India); a name for Yudhiṣṭhira, Arjuna, etc., in the Mahābhārata

From 'bharata' + 'aṇ' suffix.

कथाम् (kathām) - a story (story, narrative, tale)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, discourse

From root 'kath' (to tell).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Object of 'akathayat'.

अकथयत् (akathayat) - he narrated (the story) (he narrated, he told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kath

Imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, from root 'kath' (class 10).

Root: kath (class 10)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further (another story) (again, further, more)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of 'bahu' (much).

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind (of the mind, from the mind)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, heart, conscience

From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'prītivardhanīm'.

प्रीतिवर्धनीम् (prītivardhanīm) - that which increased the mind's delight (increasing joy, delight-enhancing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prītivardhanī

prītivardhanī - increasing joy, delight-enhancing, giving pleasure

Compound 'prīti' (joy) + 'vardhanī' (increasing, feminine form of vardhana, from root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase)).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+vardhanī)

• prīti – joy, pleasure, delight, love
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'prī' (to please).
  Root: prī (class 9)
• vardhanī – increasing, promoting (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase) with agent suffix.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)