महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-202, verse-4

भूमिः पञ्चगुणा ब्रह्मन्नुदकं च चतुर्गुणम् ।
गुणास्त्रयस्तेजसि च त्रयश्चाकाशवातयोः ॥४॥

4. bhūmiḥ pañcaguṇā brahmannudakaṁ ca caturguṇam ,
guṇāstrayastejasi ca trayaścākāśavātayoḥ.

4. bhūmiḥ pañcaguṇā brahman udakam ca caturguṇam
guṇāḥ trayaḥ tejasi ca trayaḥ ca ākāśavātayoḥ

4. O brahmin, earth possesses five qualities, and water has four. There are three qualities in light (tejas), and likewise three in both space and air.

Words meanings summery:

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth, ground

• पञ्चगुणा (pañcaguṇā) - having five qualities

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brahmin

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• च (ca) - and, also

• चतुर्गुणम् (caturguṇam) - having four qualities

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• तेजसि (tejasi) - in light, in fire, in radiance (tejas)

• च (ca) - and

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• च (ca) - and

• आकाशवातयोः (ākāśavātayoḥ) - in space and air

Words meanings and morphology

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

पञ्चगुणा (pañcaguṇā) - having five qualities

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pañcaguṇa

pañcaguṇa - having five qualities/attributes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+guṇa)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhūmiḥ'.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - brahmin, priest, the ultimate reality (brahman)

Note: Refers to a person, here the listener.

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चतुर्गुणम् (caturguṇam) - having four qualities

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturguṇa

caturguṇa - having four qualities/attributes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+guṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'udakam'.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'guṇāḥ'.

तेजसि (tejasi) - in light, in fire, in radiance (tejas)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - light, fire, brilliance, energy, splendor

Note: Refers to the element 'fire/light'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Implied to qualify 'guṇāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आकाशवातयोः (ākāśavātayoḥ) - in space and air

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of ākāśavāta

ākāśavāta - space and air

Compound type : dvandva (ākāśa+vāyu)

• ākāśa – space, ether, sky
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kāś (class 1)
• vāyu – air, wind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)

Note: The dual locative case refers to both space and air.