महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-182, verse-15

मृतो ह्ययमतो दृष्टः कथं जीवितमाप्तवान् ।
किमेतत्तपसो वीर्यं येनायं जीवितः पुनः ।
श्रोतुमिच्छाम विप्रर्षे यदि श्रोतव्यमित्युत ॥१५॥

15. mṛto hyayamato dṛṣṭaḥ kathaṁ jīvitamāptavān ,
kimetattapaso vīryaṁ yenāyaṁ jīvitaḥ punaḥ ,
śrotumicchāma viprarṣe yadi śrotavyamityuta.

15. mṛtaḥ hi ayam atas dṛṣṭaḥ katham
jīvitam āptavān kim etat tapasas vīryam
yena ayam jīvitaḥ punaḥ śrotum
icchāma viprarṣe yadi śrotavyam iti uta

15. Indeed, this one was seen as dead, so how did he regain life? What is this power (vīrya) of asceticism (tapas) by which he has been revived again? O Brahmin sage (viprarṣi), we wish to hear this, if it is indeed something that should be heard.

Words meanings summery:

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• अतस् (atas) - 'so', indicating consequence. (from this, hence, so)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• आप्तवान् (āptavān) - obtained, gained

• किम् (kim) - what

• एतत् (etat) - this

• तपसस् (tapasas) - of asceticism (tapas)

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - power, strength, valor

• येन (yena) - by which

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• जीवितः (jīvitaḥ) - alive, revived

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

• इच्छाम (icchāma) - we wish, we desire

• विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - Vocative address to Tārkṣya. (O Brahmin sage)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, should be heard, worth hearing

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

• उत (uta) - also, and, indeed

Words meanings and morphology

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From root √mṛ (to die) with suffix -kta

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ayam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अतस् (atas) - 'so', indicating consequence. (from this, hence, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the idea of being seen dead to the question of regaining life.

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -kta

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ayam'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood, living

Past Passive Participle used as a noun

From root √jīv (to live) with suffix -kta

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āptavān'.

आप्तवान् (āptavān) - obtained, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āptavat

āptavat - one who has obtained, obtained

Past Active Participle

From root √āp (to obtain) with suffix -ktavatu

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'ayam'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Points to 'vīryam'.

तपसस् (tapasas) - of asceticism (tapas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, heat, spiritual fervor, penance

Note: Possessive, 'of tapas'.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - power, strength, valor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - power, strength, energy, valor, heroism

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

येन (yena) - by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'vīryam'.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

जीवितः (jīvitaḥ) - alive, revived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvita

jīvita - alive, living, revived

Past Passive Participle

From root √jīv (to live) with suffix -kta

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ayam'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √śru (to hear) with suffix -tumun

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses purpose.

इच्छाम (icchāma) - we wish, we desire

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense, 1st person plural

Root: iṣ (class 6)

विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - Vocative address to Tārkṣya. (O Brahmin sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - Brahmin sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – Brahmin, inspired, wise
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects a conditional clause.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, should be heard, worth hearing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, fit to be heard

Gerundive

From root √śru (to hear) with suffix -tavya

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject of implied 'is'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - also, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or conjunctive particle.