महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-173, verse-21

तान्प्रस्थितान्प्रीतिमना महर्षिः पितेव पुत्राननुशिष्य सर्वान् ।
स लोमशः प्रीतमना जगाम दिवौकसां पुण्यतमं निवासम् ॥२१॥

21. tānprasthitānprītimanā maharṣiḥ; piteva putrānanuśiṣya sarvān ,
sa lomaśaḥ prītamanā jagāma; divaukasāṁ puṇyatamaṁ nivāsam.

21. tān prasthitān prītimanāḥ maharṣiḥ
pitā iva putrān anuśiṣya
sarvān sa lomaśaḥ prītimanāḥ jagāma
divaukasām puṇyataman nivāsam

21. That great sage (maharṣiḥ) Lomaśa, with a joyful mind, having advised all of them who were departing, just as a father advises his sons, then went to the most sacred dwelling place of the gods (divaukasāḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them (the Pandavas) (them, those (masculine))

• प्रस्थितान् (prasthitān) - who were departing (departed, set out, gone forth)

• प्रीतिमनाः (prītimanāḥ) - with a joyful mind (cheerful, joyful, glad-minded, pleased in mind)

• महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - great sage (great sage, great seer)

• पिता (pitā) - a father (father)

• इव (iva) - like, as

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - his sons (sons, children)

• अनुशिष्य (anuśiṣya) - having advised (having instructed, having taught, having advised)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - Lomaśa (Lomaśa (name of a sage))

• प्रीतिमनाः (prītimanāḥ) - with a joyful mind (cheerful, joyful, glad-minded, pleased in mind)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went (he went, he departed)

• दिवौकसाम् (divaukasām) - of the gods (divaukasāḥ) (of the dwellers in heaven, of the gods)

• पुण्यतमन् (puṇyataman) - most sacred (most sacred, most meritorious, most pure)

• निवासम् (nivāsam) - dwelling place (dwelling, abode, residence)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them (the Pandavas) (them, those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative plural masculine form.

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers.

प्रस्थितान् (prasthitān) - who were departing (departed, set out, gone forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set out, gone forth, started

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of "them".

प्रीतिमनाः (prītimanāḥ) - with a joyful mind (cheerful, joyful, glad-minded, pleased in mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītimanas

prītimanas - cheerful, joyful, glad-minded, pleased in mind

From `prīti` (joy, pleasure) and `manas` (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prīti+manas)

• prīti – joy, pleasure, love, satisfaction
  noun (feminine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, disposition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `maharṣiḥ` and `lomaśaḥ`.

महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - great sage (great sage, great seer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

From `mahā` (great) and `ṛṣi` (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first part of the sentence.

पिता (pitā) - a father (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Used in comparison with `iva`.

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - his sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Root: put (class 1)

Note: Object of `anuśiṣya` in the simile.

अनुशिष्य (anuśiṣya) - having advised (having instructed, having taught, having advised)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root `śās` (to teach, instruct) with prefix `anu`.

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies `tān`.

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form.

लोमशः (lomaśaḥ) - Lomaśa (Lomaśa (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - Lomaśa (a proper name, means hairy or woolly)

Note: Main subject of `jagāma`.

प्रीतिमनाः (prītimanāḥ) - with a joyful mind (cheerful, joyful, glad-minded, pleased in mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītimanas

prītimanas - cheerful, joyful, glad-minded, pleased in mind

From `prīti` (joy, pleasure) and `manas` (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prīti+manas)

• prīti – joy, pleasure, love, satisfaction
  noun (feminine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, disposition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `lomaśaḥ`.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went (he went, he departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular perfect of root `gam`.

Root: gam (class 1)

दिवौकसाम् (divaukasām) - of the gods (divaukasāḥ) (of the dwellers in heaven, of the gods)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dweller in heaven, god

From `div` (heaven) and `okas` (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Possessive, referring to the dwelling.

पुण्यतमन् (puṇyataman) - most sacred (most sacred, most meritorious, most pure)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇyatama

puṇyatama - most sacred, most meritorious, most pure

Superlative

Superlative suffix `-tama` added to `puṇya`.

निवासम् (nivāsam) - dwelling place (dwelling, abode, residence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nivāsa

nivāsa - dwelling, abode, residence, halt

From root `vas` (to dwell) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)