महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-173, verse-18

आमन्त्र्य वेश्मानि नदीः सरांसि सर्वाणि रक्षांसि च धर्मराजः ।
यथागतं मार्गमवेक्षमाणः पुनर्गिरिं चैव निरीक्षमाणः ॥१८॥

18. āmantrya veśmāni nadīḥ sarāṁsi; sarvāṇi rakṣāṁsi ca dharmarājaḥ ,
yathāgataṁ mārgamavekṣamāṇaḥ; punargiriṁ caiva nirīkṣamāṇaḥ.

18. āmantrya veśmāni nadīḥ sarāṃsi
sarvāṇi rakṣāṃsi ca dharmarājaḥ
yathāgatam mārgam avekṣamāṇaḥ
punaḥ girim ca eva nirīkṣamāṇaḥ

18. Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharmarāja), having bid farewell to all the dwellings, rivers, lakes, and Rākṣasas, looked back upon the path he had traveled and also gazed once more at the mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having bid farewell (having addressed, having invited, having bid farewell)

• वेश्मानि (veśmāni) - dwellings (dwellings, houses, abodes)

• नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

• सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes (lakes, ponds, pools)

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (all, every)

• रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - Rākṣasas (demons) (Rākṣasas (demons), protective spirits, defenses)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma) (king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama (god of death))

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - the path he had come (as it had come, by which way he had come, the path by which he had come)

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path (path, road, way)

• अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking back upon (looking at, observing, perceiving, looking back)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more (again, anew, furthermore)

• गिरिम् (girim) - mountain (mountain, hill)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (indeed, just, only, even)

• निरीक्षमाणः (nirīkṣamāṇaḥ) - gazing at (looking at, gazing at, observing)

Words meanings and morphology

आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having bid farewell (having addressed, having invited, having bid farewell)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed from the root `mantr` with prefix `ā` and the suffix `-ya` for gerund.

Prefix: ā

Root: mantr (class 1)

वेश्मानि (veśmāni) - dwellings (dwellings, houses, abodes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of veśman

veśman - dwelling, house, abode

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Can also be nominative plural, but contextually accusative 'to the dwellings' is better as object of āmantrya.

नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes (lakes, ponds, pools)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'rakṣāṃsi' and implies agreement with the preceding accusative plurals as well.

रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - Rākṣasas (demons) (Rākṣasas (demons), protective spirits, defenses)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - Rākṣasa, demon, evil spirit; also protection

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice in the verse, joining elements.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma) (king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama (god of death))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of justice, Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama (god of death)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - the path he had come (as it had come, by which way he had come, the path by which he had come)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yathāgata

yathāgata - as it has come, according to what has come, that which has arrived

Formed from `yathā` (as) and `āgata` (come, arrived).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `gam` with prefix `ā`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `mārgam`.

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path (path, road, way)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, track

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Object of `avekṣamāṇaḥ`.

अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking back upon (looking at, observing, perceiving, looking back)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avekṣamāṇa

avekṣamāṇa - looking at, observing, perceiving

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root `īkṣ` with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

गिरिम् (girim) - mountain (mountain, hill)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Root: gṝ (class 6)

Note: Object of `nirīkṣamāṇaḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just (indeed, just, only, even)

(indeclinable)

निरीक्षमाणः (nirīkṣamāṇaḥ) - gazing at (looking at, gazing at, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirīkṣamāṇa

nirīkṣamāṇa - looking at, gazing at, observing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root `īkṣ` with prefix `nir`.

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)