महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-148, verse-28

एवं शास्त्रेषु भिन्नेषु बहुधा नीयते क्रिया ।
तपोदानप्रवृत्ता च राजसी भवति प्रजा ॥२८॥

28. evaṁ śāstreṣu bhinneṣu bahudhā nīyate kriyā ,
tapodānapravṛttā ca rājasī bhavati prajā.

28. evam śāstreṣu bhinneṣu bahudhā nīyate kriyā
tapo-dāna-pravṛttā ca rājasī bhavati prajā

28. When the scriptures (śāstra) are thus diverse, ritual actions (kriyā) are performed in many different ways. And the people (prajā), engaged in asceticism (tapas) and acts of charity (dāna), become passionate (rajas).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures, in the sciences, in the treatises

• भिन्नेषु (bhinneṣu) - in the divided, in the different, in the varied

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly, variously

• नीयते (nīyate) - is led, is conducted, is performed

• क्रिया (kriyā) - action, ritual, activity, rite

• तपो-दान-प्रवृत्ता (tapo-dāna-pravṛttā) - inclined towards asceticism and charity, engaged in penance and giving

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजसी (rājasī) - passionate, energetic, pertaining to rajas, belonging to the mode of passion

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

• प्रजा (prajā) - people, populace, progeny, subjects

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures, in the sciences, in the treatises

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, treatise, science, sacred book, command, instruction

Root: śās (class 2)

भिन्नेषु (bhinneṣu) - in the divided, in the different, in the varied

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhinna

bhinna - divided, broken, split, separated, different, distinct

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhid' (to break, split) + suffix 'kta'

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'śāstreṣu'.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly, variously

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā meaning 'in X ways'

Note: Adverb modifying 'nīyate'.

नीयते (nīyate) - is led, is conducted, is performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of nī

Present Tense

From root 'nī', 1st conjugation, middle voice, present, 3rd person singular

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: The passive form is used with kriyā (action) as the subject.

क्रिया (kriyā) - action, ritual, activity, rite

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kriyā

kriyā - action, deed, performance, ritual, rite

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'yā'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'nīyate'.

तपो-दान-प्रवृत्ता (tapo-dāna-pravṛttā) - inclined towards asceticism and charity, engaged in penance and giving

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tapo-dāna-pravṛtta

tapo-dāna-pravṛtta - inclined towards asceticism and charity, engaged in penance and giving

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dāna+pravṛtta)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor, austere devotion
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dāna – charity, gift, giving, donation
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dā' (to give) + suffix 'ana'
  Root: dā (class 3)
• pravṛtta – engaged, occupied, active, set in motion, inclined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛt' (to turn, be) with upasarga 'pra' + suffix 'kta'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prajā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजसी (rājasī) - passionate, energetic, pertaining to rajas, belonging to the mode of passion

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rājasī

rājasī - passionate, energetic, pertaining to rajas (the guna of activity and passion)

Derived from 'rajas' + suffix 'īñ'

Note: Agrees with 'prajā'.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense

From root 'bhū', 1st conjugation, present, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रजा (prajā) - people, populace, progeny, subjects

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prajā

prajā - people, populace, progeny, subjects, creation

From root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'bhavati'.