महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-148, verse-11

न तत्र धर्माः सीदन्ति न क्षीयन्ते च वै प्रजाः ।
ततः कृतयुगं नाम कालेन गुणतां गतम् ॥११॥

11. na tatra dharmāḥ sīdanti na kṣīyante ca vai prajāḥ ,
tataḥ kṛtayugaṁ nāma kālena guṇatāṁ gatam.

11. na tatra dharmāḥ sīdanti na kṣīyante ca vai
prajāḥ tataḥ kṛtayugam nāma kālena guṇatām gatam

11. In that age, natural laws (dharma) do not diminish, nor do living beings (prajāḥ) decline. Therefore, that age (yuga) is called Kṛta Yuga, for it has attained excellence (guṇatā) through the passage of time (kāla).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (age) (there, in that place, at that time)

• धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - natural laws (dharma) (natural laws, duties, virtues)

• सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - do not diminish or decay (they sink, fail, decay, diminish, suffer)

• न (na) - nor (not, nor)

• क्षीयन्ते (kṣīyante) - (beings) do not decline or perish (they diminish, waste away, perish)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings, people (beings, people, progeny, subjects)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (therefore, thence, from that)

• कृतयुगम् (kṛtayugam) - the Kṛta age (yuga) (the Kṛta age, the Satya Yuga)

• नाम (nāma) - called, by name (by name, namely, indeed)

• कालेन (kālena) - through the passage of time (kāla) (by time, by the season)

• गुणताम् (guṇatām) - to the state of excellence (guṇatā) (to goodness, to the state of excellence)

• गतम् (gatam) - attained (the state of excellence) (gone, attained, reached, become)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'sīdanti'.

तत्र (tatra) - in that (age) (there, in that place, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun 'tad' with suffix -tra.

धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - natural laws (dharma) (natural laws, duties, virtues)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Plural indicates various aspects of natural law or duties.

सीदन्ति (sīdanti) - do not diminish or decay (they sink, fail, decay, diminish, suffer)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of sad

present active indicative

Third person plural present active form (laṭ).

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Actions of 'dharmāḥ'.

न (na) - nor (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used coordinatively.

क्षीयन्ते (kṣīyante) - (beings) do not decline or perish (they diminish, waste away, perish)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of kṣī

present passive/middle indicative

Third person plural present passive/ātmanepada form (laṭ).

Root: kṣī (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'prajāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negative clauses.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings, people (beings, people, progeny, subjects)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - beings, people, progeny, subjects, creation

Derived from pra-jan (to be born, produce).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (therefore, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb formed from 'tad'.

कृतयुगम् (kṛtayugam) - the Kṛta age (yuga) (the Kṛta age, the Satya Yuga)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtayuga

kṛtayuga - the Kṛta age, the Satya Yuga (the golden age)

Compound of kṛta (done/perfect) and yuga (age).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+yuga)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, perfect
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make) with suffix -ta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yuga – age, era, epoch
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is called'.

नाम (nāma) - called, by name (by name, namely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - through the passage of time (kāla) (by time, by the season)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, proper time, death

Note: Denotes agency or means.

गुणताम् (guṇatām) - to the state of excellence (guṇatā) (to goodness, to the state of excellence)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guṇatā

guṇatā - goodness, excellence, quality, virtue

Derived from 'guṇa' (quality, virtue) with suffix -tā (fem. abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'gatam'.

गतम् (gatam) - attained (the state of excellence) (gone, attained, reached, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained, become, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go, to reach) with suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Participle functioning as a predicate adjective.