महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-148, verse-17

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्च कृतलक्षणाः ।
कृते युगे समभवन्स्वकर्मनिरताः प्रजाः ॥१७॥

17. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāśca kṛtalakṣaṇāḥ ,
kṛte yuge samabhavansvakarmaniratāḥ prajāḥ.

17. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyāḥ vaiśyāḥ śūdrāḥ ca kṛtalakṣaṇāḥ
kṛte yuge samabhavan svakarmaniratāḥ prajāḥ

17. In the Kṛta age, people – Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras – whose characteristics were established, became devoted to their own duties (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, members of the priestly class)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas (Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior class)

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas (Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/agricultural class)

• शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras (Śūdras, members of the laboring class)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कृतलक्षणाः (kṛtalakṣaṇāḥ) - whose characteristics were established (having distinct characteristics, marked by signs, identified by traits)

• कृते (kṛte) - in the Kṛta age (Satya Yuga) (in the Kṛta age, in the deed, in the action)

• युगे (yuge) - in the age (in the age, in the eon)

• समभवन् (samabhavan) - they became, they originated (they became, they arose, they originated)

• स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - devoted to their respective duties (karma) (devoted to one's own duties (karma), engaged in one's own work)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (people, subjects, progeny, creatures)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, members of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

derived from brahman

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas (Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kṣatriya, member of the warrior or ruling class

Root: kṣi (class 2)

Note: Nominative plural of kṣatriya, the final visarga may be dropped in recitation before certain consonants or in lists.

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas (Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/agricultural class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaiśya, member of the merchant, farmer, or artisan class

Root: viś (class 6)

शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras (Śūdras, members of the laboring class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - Śūdra, member of the laboring or serving class

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कृतलक्षणाः (kṛtalakṣaṇāḥ) - whose characteristics were established (having distinct characteristics, marked by signs, identified by traits)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛtalakṣaṇa

kṛtalakṣaṇa - having distinct characteristics, marked by signs, identified by traits

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+lakṣaṇa)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, created
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: modifies prajāḥ

कृते (kṛte) - in the Kṛta age (Satya Yuga) (in the Kṛta age, in the deed, in the action)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, (as noun) Kṛta age / Satya Yuga

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: modifies yuge

युगे (yuge) - in the age (in the age, in the eon)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuga

yuga - age, eon, epoch, period, yoke

Root: yuj (class 7)

समभवन् (samabhavan) - they became, they originated (they became, they arose, they originated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Tense, Active Voice

root bhū, 3rd plural imperfect, augmented with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - devoted to their respective duties (karma) (devoted to one's own duties (karma), engaged in one's own work)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of svakarmanirata

svakarmanirata - devoted to one's own duties (karma), engaged in one's own work

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karma+nirata)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• karma – action, deed, duty, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• nirata – engaged in, devoted to, attached to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ram with prefix nir
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: modifies prajāḥ

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (people, subjects, progeny, creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, progeny, creatures, generation

from pra-jan

Root: jan (class 4)