महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-137, verse-18

स वै प्रविशमानस्तु शूद्रेणान्धेन रक्षिणा ।
निगृहीतो बलाद्द्वारि सोऽवातिष्ठत पार्थिव ॥१८॥

18. sa vai praviśamānastu śūdreṇāndhena rakṣiṇā ,
nigṛhīto balāddvāri so'vātiṣṭhata pārthiva.

18. saḥ vai praviśamānaḥ tu śūdreṇa andhena rakṣiṇā
nigṛhītaḥ balāt dvāri saḥ avātiṣṭhata pārthiva

18. However, as he (Yavakrī) was attempting to enter, he was seized by force at the gate by a blind śūdra guard. There, he remained, O king.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Yavakrī) (he, that)

• वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly)

• प्रविशमानः (praviśamānaḥ) - while attempting to enter (the agnihotra) (attempting to enter, while entering)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• शूद्रेण (śūdreṇa) - by a śūdra (guard) (by a śūdra, by a person of the lowest social class)

• अन्धेन (andhena) - by a blind (guard) (by a blind person)

• रक्षिणा (rakṣiṇā) - by a guard (by a guard, by a protector)

• निगृहीतः (nigṛhītaḥ) - (he was) seized (seized, arrested, restrained)

• बलात् (balāt) - by force (by force, forcibly)

• द्वारि (dvāri) - at the gate (of the agnihotra enclosure) (at the door, at the gate)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Yavakrī) (he, that)

• अवातिष्ठत (avātiṣṭhata) - he remained (motionless) (he stood still, he remained)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (Janamejaya) (O king, O earthly one)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Yavakrī) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with 'praviśamānaḥ').

वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रविशमानः (praviśamānaḥ) - while attempting to enter (the agnihotra) (attempting to enter, while entering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviśamāna

praviśamāna - attempting to enter, while entering

Present Middle Participle

Derived from √viś (to enter) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ', indicating a concurrent action.

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses, indicating a slight contrast or continuation.

शूद्रेण (śūdreṇa) - by a śūdra (guard) (by a śūdra, by a person of the lowest social class)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the lowest of the four Hindu varnas

Note: Qualifies 'rakṣiṇā'.

अन्धेन (andhena) - by a blind (guard) (by a blind person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of andha

andha - blind

Note: Qualifies 'rakṣiṇā'.

रक्षिणा (rakṣiṇā) - by a guard (by a guard, by a protector)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rakṣin

rakṣin - guard, protector

Agent noun from √rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'nigṛhītaḥ'.

निगृहीतः (nigṛhītaḥ) - (he was) seized (seized, arrested, restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigṛhīta

nigṛhīta - seized, arrested, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √grah (to seize) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ'.

बलात् (balāt) - by force (by force, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Ablative case of bala used adverbially.

Note: Adverb of manner for 'nigṛhītaḥ'.

द्वारि (dvāri) - at the gate (of the agnihotra enclosure) (at the door, at the gate)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvār

dvār - door, gate

Note: Location of the seizure.

सः (saḥ) - he (Yavakrī) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'avātiṣṭhata'.

अवातिष्ठत (avātiṣṭhata) - he remained (motionless) (he stood still, he remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avasthā

Derived from √sthā (to stand) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The form is middle voice (ātmanepada) even though √sthā is usually parasmaipada for 'to stand'.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (Janamejaya) (O king, O earthly one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, earthly, royal

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Addressed to the audience (King Janamejaya in Mahabharata).