महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-104, verse-9

स पुत्रकामो नृपतिस्तताप सुमहत्तपः ।
पत्नीभ्यां सह राजेन्द्र कैलासं गिरिमाश्रितः ॥९॥

9. sa putrakāmo nṛpatistatāpa sumahattapaḥ ,
patnībhyāṁ saha rājendra kailāsaṁ girimāśritaḥ.

9. saḥ putrakāmaḥ nṛpatiḥ tatāpa sumahat tapaḥ
patnībhyām saha rājendra kailāsam girim āśritaḥ

9. O king of kings, that king, desirous of a son, resorted to the Kailasa mountain and practiced very great austerity (tapas) along with his two wives.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that king (referring to the king from the previous verse) (he, that)

• पुत्रकामः (putrakāmaḥ) - the king, desirous of a son (desirous of a son, son-desiring)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler

• तताप (tatāpa) - he practiced (austerity) (he practiced austerity, he performed penance, he heated)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

• तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity (tapas), penance, heat)

• पत्नीभ्याम् (patnībhyām) - with the two wives

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - An address to the listener (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• कैलासम् (kailāsam) - Mount Kailasa, Shiva's abode (Kailasa (mountain))

• गिरिम् (girim) - mountain, hill

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to, dwelling in (resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelling in)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that king (referring to the king from the previous verse) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुत्रकामः (putrakāmaḥ) - the king, desirous of a son (desirous of a son, son-desiring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putrakāma

putrakāma - desirous of a son

Tatpuruṣa compound: putra (son) + kāma (desire, desirous of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+kāma)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, desirous of
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpatiḥ'.

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler

Tatpuruṣa compound: nṛ (man) + pati (lord, master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तताप (tatāpa) - he practiced (austerity) (he practiced austerity, he performed penance, he heated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of tap

Perfect

Third person singular active of root tap (class 1, 4). Reduplicated form.

Root: tap (class 1)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large

Compound of su (good, well, very) and mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - severe austerity (tapas) (austerity (tapas), penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)

From root tap (to heat, suffer, practice austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tatāpa'.

पत्नीभ्याम् (patnībhyām) - with the two wives

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, dual of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress (of a household)

Feminine of pati (lord, husband).

Note: Used with 'saha' (with).

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs instrumental case.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - An address to the listener (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings

Tatpuruṣa compound: rājan (king) + indra (chief, lord, best). Sandhi `rājan` + `indra` = `rājendra` (guṇa sandhi).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – Indra (Vedic deity), chief, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id (class 6)

Note: Used as an address to the listener.

कैलासम् (kailāsam) - Mount Kailasa, Shiva's abode (Kailasa (mountain))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kailāsa

kailāsa - Kailasa mountain (abode of Shiva)

Note: Object of 'āśritaḥ'.

गिरिम् (girim) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Appositive to 'kailāsam'.

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to, dwelling in (resorted to, taken refuge in, dwelling in)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent

Past Passive Participle

From root śri (to resort to, serve) with prefix ā (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ nṛpatiḥ'.