महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-104, verse-3

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं वै ज्ञातयो ब्रह्मन्कारणं चात्र किं मुने ।
कथं समुद्रः पूर्णश्च भगीरथपरिश्रमात् ॥३॥

3. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ vai jñātayo brahmankāraṇaṁ cātra kiṁ mune ,
kathaṁ samudraḥ pūrṇaśca bhagīrathapariśramāt.

3. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham vai jñātayaḥ brahman kāraṇam ca
atra kim mune katham samudraḥ pūrṇaḥ ca bhagīrathapariśramāt

3. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O Brahmā (brahman), how indeed were the kinsmen (jñāti) the cause here? And what was the reason for this, O sage (muni)? Furthermore, how was the ocean filled by Bhāgīratha's great effort?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen (jñāti) (kinsmen, relatives)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmā (brahman) (O Brahmā, O brahmin)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• किम् (kim) - what?

• मुने (mune) - O sage (muni) (O sage)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• समुद्रः (samudraḥ) - the ocean

• पूर्णः (pūrṇaḥ) - filled, full, complete

• च (ca) - and, also

• भगीरथपरिश्रमात् (bhagīrathapariśramāt) - by Bhāgīratha's great effort (by the effort of Bhāgīratha, from Bhāgīratha's exertion)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, 'steadfast in battle')

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen (jñāti) (kinsmen, relatives)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative (jñāti)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmā (brahman) (O Brahmā, O brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator deity); a brahmin; the Absolute (brahman)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

action noun

from root kṛ

Root: kṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?

मुने (mune) - O sage (muni) (O sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

समुद्रः (samudraḥ) - the ocean

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

पूर्णः (pūrṇaḥ) - filled, full, complete

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled, satisfied

Past Passive Participle

from root pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भगीरथपरिश्रमात् (bhagīrathapariśramāt) - by Bhāgīratha's great effort (by the effort of Bhāgīratha, from Bhāgīratha's exertion)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhagīrathapariśrama

bhagīrathapariśrama - Bhāgīratha's effort/exertion

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhagīratha+pariśrama)

• bhagīratha – Bhāgīratha (a legendary king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pariśrama – great effort, exertion, toil
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: śram