महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-9

सुरभिरुवाच ।
विनिपातो न वः कश्चिद्दृश्यते त्रिदशाधिप ।
अहं तु पुत्रं शोचामि तेन रोदिमि कौशिक ॥९॥

9. surabhiruvāca ,
vinipāto na vaḥ kaściddṛśyate tridaśādhipa ,
ahaṁ tu putraṁ śocāmi tena rodimi kauśika.

9. surabhiḥ uvāca | vinipātaḥ na vaḥ kaścit dṛśyate
tridaśādhipa | aham tu putram śocāmi tena rodimi kauśika

9. Surabhi said: 'O Lord of the gods (tridaśādhipa), no calamity is seen among you all. However, I grieve for my son; therefore, O Kauśika, I weep.'

Words meanings summery:

• सुरभिः (surabhiḥ) - Surabhi (the celestial cow)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विनिपातः (vinipātaḥ) - calamity, downfall

• न (na) - not

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, anyone

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen

• त्रिदशाधिप (tridaśādhipa) - O lord of the thirty gods, O Indra

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तु (tu) - but, however

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• शोचामि (śocāmi) - I grieve, I lament

• तेन (tena) - therefore, by that

• रोदिमि (rodimi) - I weep, I cry

• कौशिक (kauśika) - O Kauśika (an epithet of Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

सुरभिः (surabhiḥ) - Surabhi (the celestial cow)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of surabhi

surabhi - fragrant; the celestial cow, Surabhi

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

विनिपातः (vinipātaḥ) - calamity, downfall

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinipāta

vinipāta - fall, downfall, calamity, misfortune

Derived from root pat with prefixes vi- and ni-.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Can also be genitive or accusative.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, anyone

(indefinite pronoun)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present 3rd person singular passive.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

त्रिदशाधिप (tridaśādhipa) - O lord of the thirty gods, O Indra

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tridaśādhipa

tridaśādhipa - lord of the thirty (gods), chief of the gods, Indra

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tridaśa+adhipa)

• tridaśa – thirty (referring to the number of principal gods)
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

शोचामि (śocāmi) - I grieve, I lament

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present 1st person singular.

Root: śuc (class 1)

तेन (tena) - therefore, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here as an adverb meaning 'therefore'.

रोदिमि (rodimi) - I weep, I cry

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rud

Present 1st person singular.

Root: rud (class 2)

कौशिक (kauśika) - O Kauśika (an epithet of Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika; Indra