महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-12

एकस्तत्र बलोपेतो धुरमुद्वहतेऽधिकाम् ।
अपरोऽल्पबलप्राणः कृशो धमनिसंततः ।
कृच्छ्रादुद्वहते भारं तं वै शोचामि वासव ॥१२॥

12. ekastatra balopeto dhuramudvahate'dhikām ,
aparo'lpabalaprāṇaḥ kṛśo dhamanisaṁtataḥ ,
kṛcchrādudvahate bhāraṁ taṁ vai śocāmi vāsava.

12. ekaḥ tatra bala upetaḥ dhuram udvahate
adhikām aparaḥ alpa bala prāṇaḥ
kṛśaḥ dhamani saṃtataḥ kṛcchrāt
udvahate bhāram tam vai śocāmi vāsava

12. One of them, endowed with great strength, carries a considerable burden. The other, however, with little strength and vitality, thin and covered with prominent veins, carries the burden with great difficulty. O Vāsava, it is truly for him that I grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (of the two bulls) (one, a single one)

• तत्र (tatra) - among the two bulls (there, among them)

• बल (bala) - strength, power

• उपेतः (upetaḥ) - endowed with (endowed with, possessed of, gone near)

• धुरम् (dhuram) - the yoke, the burden (of the cart) (burden, yoke, responsibility)

• उद्वहते (udvahate) - carries, bears, uplifts

• अधिकाम् (adhikām) - considerable or great (referring to the burden) (excessive, considerable, superior)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - the other (bull) (the other, another)

• अल्प (alpa) - little, small, few

• बल (bala) - strength, power

• प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - breath, life-force, vitality

• कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin, emaciated, weak

• धमनि (dhamani) - vein, artery

• संततः (saṁtataḥ) - covered with (veins) (covered, extended, continuous)

• कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - with difficulty, with effort

• उद्वहते (udvahate) - carries, bears

• भारम् (bhāram) - burden, load

• तम् (tam) - the weaker bull (him, that one)

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, truly

• शोचामि (śocāmi) - I grieve, I lament, I pity

• वासव (vāsava) - O Vāsava (Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (of the two bulls) (one, a single one)

(numeral)

तत्र (tatra) - among the two bulls (there, among them)

(indeclinable)

बल (bala) - strength, power

(noun)

neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

Note: First part of the compound 'balopetaḥ'.

उपेतः (upetaḥ) - endowed with (endowed with, possessed of, gone near)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeta

upeta - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with, gone near

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa- and suffix -ta

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Second part of the compound 'balopetaḥ'.

धुरम् (dhuram) - the yoke, the burden (of the cart) (burden, yoke, responsibility)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, load, responsibility

उद्वहते (udvahate) - carries, bears, uplifts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of udvah

Derived from root vah (to carry) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Third person singular present middle (ātmanepada).

अधिकाम् (adhikām) - considerable or great (referring to the burden) (excessive, considerable, superior)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adhika

adhika - excessive, abundant, superior, additional

Derived from adhi + ka

Note: Qualifies 'dhuram' (feminine accusative singular).

अपरः (aparaḥ) - the other (bull) (the other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior

अल्प (alpa) - little, small, few

(adjective)

of alpa

alpa - small, little, few, insignificant

Note: First part of a compound.

बल (bala) - strength, power

(noun)

of bala

bala - strength, power, force

Note: Middle part of a compound.

प्राणः (prāṇaḥ) - breath, life-force, vitality

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life-force, vitality, air

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Last part of 'alpabalaprāṇaḥ', declined in nominative to agree with 'aparaḥ'.

कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin, emaciated, weak

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, lean, emaciated, weak

Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aparaḥ'.

धमनि (dhamani) - vein, artery

(noun)

feminine, plural of dhamani

dhamani - vein, artery, tubular vessel

Root: dham (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'dhamanisaṃtataḥ'. Plural sense implied by the compound.

संततः (saṁtataḥ) - covered with (veins) (covered, extended, continuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtata

saṁtata - stretched, covered, spread, continuous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tan (to stretch) with prefix sam- and suffix -ta

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Last part of 'dhamanisaṃtataḥ', agreeing with 'aparaḥ'.

कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - with difficulty, with effort

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, hardship, pain

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'with difficulty'.

उद्वहते (udvahate) - carries, bears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of udvah

Derived from root vah (to carry) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Third person singular present middle (ātmanepada) of 'udvah'.

भारम् (bhāram) - burden, load

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - the weaker bull (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the second bull.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, truly

(indeclinable)

शोचामि (śocāmi) - I grieve, I lament, I pity

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: First person singular present active.

वासव (vāsava) - O Vāsava (Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Vāsava (an epithet of Indra), son of Vasu

Note: Addressed to Indra.