महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-17

व्यास उवाच ।
तदिन्द्रः सुरभीवाक्यं निशम्य भृशविस्मितः ।
जीवितेनापि कौरव्य मेनेऽभ्यधिकमात्मजम् ॥१७॥

17. vyāsa uvāca ,
tadindraḥ surabhīvākyaṁ niśamya bhṛśavismitaḥ ,
jīvitenāpi kauravya mene'bhyadhikamātmajam.

17. vyāsaḥ uvāca | tat indraḥ surabhīvākyaṃ niśamya bhṛśavismitaḥ
| jīvitena api kauravya mene abhyadhikam ātmajam

17. Vyāsa said: 'O descendant of Kuru, having heard Surabhi's words, Indra became greatly astonished and considered one's own son to be dearer even than life itself.'

17. וְיָאסַה אמר, כששמע אִינְדְרַה את דברי סוּרַבְּהִי הוא תמה מאוד, הו בן קַאוּרַוַה, והחשיב את הבן יקר יותר אפילו מחייו.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत् (tat) - referring to Surabhi's words (that, those)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

• सुरभीवाक्यं (surabhīvākyaṁ) - Surabhi's words, the speech of Surabhi

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• भृशविस्मितः (bhṛśavismitaḥ) - greatly astonished, very amazed

• जीवितेन (jīvitena) - by life, than life

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addresses Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya, the listener of Vyasa's narration. (O descendant of Kuru)

• मेने (mene) - he considered, he thought, he regarded

• अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - greater, superior, more valuable

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - one's own son, born of oneself

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of a celebrated sage, compiler of the Vedas and author of Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class). Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - referring to Surabhi's words (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, the chief of the gods

Note: Subject of 'mene'.

सुरभीवाक्यं (surabhīvākyaṁ) - Surabhi's words, the speech of Surabhi

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of surabhīvākya

surabhīvākya - the words of Surabhi

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (surabhī+vākya)

• surabhī – Surabhi (the divine cow)
  proper noun (feminine)
• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  From √vac + ṇyaT suffix.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'niśamya'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable participle (absolutive))

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

भृशविस्मितः (bhṛśavismitaḥ) - greatly astonished, very amazed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśavismita

bhṛśavismita - greatly astonished, very amazed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+vismita)

• bhṛśa – greatly, exceedingly, very
  indeclinable
• vismita – astonished, amazed, surprised
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'vi' + √smi (to wonder, smile).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'indraḥ'.

जीवितेन (jīvitena) - by life, than life

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root 'jīv' (to live) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix), used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used in a comparative sense, 'dearer than life'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'jīvitena'.

कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addresses Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya, the listener of Vyasa's narration. (O descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru

Derived from 'kuru' + 'vyañ' suffix, meaning 'belonging to Kuru' or 'descendant of Kuru'.

मेने (mene) - he considered, he thought, he regarded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of man

Perfect Middle

From root 'man' (4th class, Ātmanepada). Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: man (class 4)

अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - greater, superior, more valuable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - exceeding, greater, more, excessive

From 'abhi' + 'adhika' (excessive).

Note: Agrees with 'ātmajam'.

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - one's own son, born of oneself

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - born of oneself, one's own son

Compound 'ātman' (self) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix
  Suffix -ja from √jan.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'mene'.

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