महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-14

ततोऽहं तस्य दुःखार्ता विरौमि भृशदुःखिता ।
अश्रूण्यावर्तयन्ती च नेत्राभ्यां करुणायती ॥१४॥

14. tato'haṁ tasya duḥkhārtā viraumi bhṛśaduḥkhitā ,
aśrūṇyāvartayantī ca netrābhyāṁ karuṇāyatī.

14. tataḥ aham tasya duḥkha ārtā viraumi bhṛśa duḥkhitā
aśrūṇi āvartayantī ca netrābhyām karuṇāyatī

14. Therefore, distressed by his suffering, I cry out, deeply afflicted, and, filled with pity, I shed tears from my eyes.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, thence, then

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (suffering) (his, of that)

• दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering, pain, misery

• आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted by (suffering) (distressed, pained, afflicted)

• विरौमि (viraumi) - I cry out, I roar, I lament

• भृश (bhṛśa) - extremely, greatly

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - extremely pained (pained, sorrowful, distressed)

• अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

• आवर्तयन्ती (āvartayantī) - shedding (tears) (causing to flow, shedding, turning)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - from my two eyes (from two eyes, with two eyes)

• करुणायती (karuṇāyatī) - full of compassion, pitying

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, thence, then

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

तस्य (tasya) - of his (suffering) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the weaker bull.

दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery

Note: First part of compound 'duḥkhārtā'.

आर्ता (ārtā) - afflicted by (suffering) (distressed, pained, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - pained, distressed, afflicted, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā- and suffix -ta

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Second part of compound 'duḥkhārtā', agrees with 'aham' (feminine speaker).

विरौमि (viraumi) - I cry out, I roar, I lament

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of viru

Derived from root ru (to cry) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: First person singular present active.

भृश (bhṛśa) - extremely, greatly

(adjective)

of bhṛśa

bhṛśa - intense, great, severe

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - extremely pained (pained, sorrowful, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - pained, sorrowful, distressed, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from duḥkha + ita (derived from root duḥkh)

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Second part of compound 'bhṛśaduḥkhitā', agrees with 'aham' (feminine speaker).

अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aśru

aśru - tear, teardrop

Note: Object of the participle 'āvartayantī'.

आवर्तयन्ती (āvartayantī) - shedding (tears) (causing to flow, shedding, turning)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āvartayant

āvartayant - causing to flow, shedding, turning, revolving

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from causative root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ā- and suffix -at

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aham' (feminine speaker).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - from my two eyes (from two eyes, with two eyes)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, dual of netra

netra - eye, leader

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Also could be instrumental dual, but ablative ('from') makes more sense with shedding tears.

करुणायती (karuṇāyatī) - full of compassion, pitying

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of karuṇāyat

karuṇāyat - being compassionate, pitying

Present Active Participle (Denominative)

Derived from denominative verb from karuṇā, with suffix -at

Note: Qualifies 'aham' (feminine speaker).