महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-15

इन्द्र उवाच ।
तव पुत्रसहस्रेषु पीड्यमानेषु शोभने ।
किं कृपायितमस्त्यत्र पुत्र एकोऽत्र पीड्यते ॥१५॥

15. indra uvāca ,
tava putrasahasreṣu pīḍyamāneṣu śobhane ,
kiṁ kṛpāyitamastyatra putra eko'tra pīḍyate.

15. indraḥ uvāca | tava putrasahasreṣu pīḍyamāneṣu śobhane
| kim kṛpāyitam asti atra putraḥ ekaḥ atra pīḍyate

15. Indra said: 'O beautiful one, when thousands of your sons are being distressed, what kind of compassion is this? Only one son here is being distressed.'

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - King of the gods (Indra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रसहस्रेषु (putrasahasreṣu) - among thousands of sons, concerning thousands of sons

• पीड्यमानेषु (pīḍyamāneṣu) - among those who are being distressed, when they are being tormented

• शोभने (śobhane) - Addressing Surabhi, the divine cow. (O beautiful one, O excellent one)

• किम् (kim) - What kind of compassion is this? (what?, why?, is it?)

• कृपायितम् (kṛpāyitam) - act of compassion, compassion shown

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• पीड्यते (pīḍyate) - is distressed, is afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - King of the gods (Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, the chief of the gods

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class). Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

पुत्रसहस्रेषु (putrasahasreṣu) - among thousands of sons, concerning thousands of sons

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of putrasahasra

putrasahasra - a thousand sons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+sahasra)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – a thousand
  noun (neuter)

पीड्यमानेषु (pīḍyamāneṣu) - among those who are being distressed, when they are being tormented

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being tormented, being afflicted, being distressed

Present Passive Participle

From the root 'pīḍ' (10th class 'pīḍayati') + 'yamāna' (passive suffix).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying 'putrasahasreṣu' (referring to the sons).

शोभने (śobhane) - Addressing Surabhi, the divine cow. (O beautiful one, O excellent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śobhanā

śobhana - beautiful, excellent, auspicious

From √śubh 'to shine, be beautiful'.

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Vocative singular feminine, addressing Surabhi.

किम् (kim) - What kind of compassion is this? (what?, why?, is it?)

(interrogative pronoun)

कृपायितम् (kṛpāyitam) - act of compassion, compassion shown

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛpāyita

kṛpāyita - an act of compassion, compassion shown

Past Passive Participle (derived from denominative verb kṛpāyati)

Derived from the denominative verb 'kṛpāyati' (to show compassion) from the noun 'kṛpā' (compassion). Used substantively, meaning 'the act of compassion'.

Root: kṛp (class 0)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root 'as' (2nd class). Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

Note: Modifies 'putraḥ'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

पीड्यते (pīḍyate) - is distressed, is afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pīḍ

Present Passive

From root 'pīḍ' (10th class 'pīḍayati'), here in the passive voice, 3rd person singular, present tense.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)