महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-10, verse-13

वध्यमानः प्रतोदेन तुद्यमानः पुनः पुनः ।
नैव शक्नोति तं भारमुद्वोढुं पश्य वासव ॥१३॥

13. vadhyamānaḥ pratodena tudyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
naiva śaknoti taṁ bhāramudvoḍhuṁ paśya vāsava.

13. vadhyamānaḥ pratodena tudyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ na
eva śaknoti tam bhāram udvoḍhum paśya vāsava

13. Being struck with the goad and repeatedly prodded, he is completely unable to bear that burden. O Vāsava, observe this.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being beaten with a goad (being struck, being beaten)

• प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - by a cattle-goad (by a goad, by an incitement)

• तुद्यमानः (tudyamānaḥ) - being prodded, being pushed, being tormented

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing the 'not') (indeed, certainly, only)

• शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able, can

• तम् (tam) - that (burden) (that, him)

• भारम् (bhāram) - burden, load

• उद्वोढुम् (udvoḍhum) - to carry, to bear, to lift

• पश्य (paśya) - see, behold

• वासव (vāsava) - O Vāsava (Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being beaten with a goad (being struck, being beaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being struck, being killed, being beaten

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root vadh (to strike, kill) in passive voice, with suffix -māna

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the subject (the weaker bull).

प्रतोदेन (pratodena) - by a cattle-goad (by a goad, by an incitement)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, prick, incitement

Prefix: pra

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Instrument of being struck.

तुद्यमानः (tudyamānaḥ) - being prodded, being pushed, being tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tudyamāna

tudyamāna - being prodded, being pushed, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root tud (to prod, push) in passive voice, with suffix -māna

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the subject (the weaker bull).

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing the 'not') (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able, can

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Third person singular present active.

तम् (tam) - that (burden) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'bhāram'.

भारम् (bhāram) - burden, load

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of the infinitive 'udvoḍhum'.

उद्वोढुम् (udvoḍhum) - to carry, to bear, to lift

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root vah (to carry) with prefix ud- and suffix -tum

Prefix: ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'śaknoti'.

पश्य (paśya) - see, behold

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Derived from root dṛś, takes 'paśya' in present tense stems.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Second person singular imperative active.

वासव (vāsava) - O Vāsava (Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Vāsava (an epithet of Indra), son of Vasu

Note: Addressed to Indra.