महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रतिजग्राह तं पार्थो ग्लहं जग्राह सौबलः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
pratijagrāha taṁ pārtho glahaṁ jagrāha saubalaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

21. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca pratijagrāha tam pārthaḥ glaham jagrāha
saubalaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

21. Vaiśampāyana said: Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) accepted that wager. Saubala (Śakuni) then took the stake (glaha), and Śakuni indeed spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira, saying, 'It is won!'

21. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, פָּארְתְהַה קיבל את ההימור, והבן של סוּבַּלַה לקח אותו. וַשַׁקוּנִי אמר ליוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, ניצחתי.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampāyana said. (he said, he spoke)

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) accepted the wager. (he accepted, he received)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the wager previously discussed. (that)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira. (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

• ग्लहम् (glaham) - The stake that was played for, specifically, the dice themselves or the act of throwing them. (stake, wager, gambling)

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - Śakuni took the dice for the throw. (he seized, he grasped, he took)

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni. (son of Subala)

• जितम् (jitam) - "It is won!" (Śakuni declared his victory). (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - Introduces direct speech. (thus, saying)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the statement. (only, indeed, just, certainly)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni (proper noun))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhiṣṭhira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Śakuni spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira. (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampāyana said. (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

2nd conjugation, parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) accepted the wager. (he accepted, he received)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect tense

9th conjugation, parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular, with upasarga PRATI

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

तम् (tam) - Refers to the wager previously discussed. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the wager ('glaha').

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira. (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

From Pṛthā + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira here.

ग्लहम् (glaham) - The stake that was played for, specifically, the dice themselves or the act of throwing them. (stake, wager, gambling)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of glaha

glaha - stake, wager, gambling

Root: glah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jagrāha'.

जग्राह (jagrāha) - Śakuni took the dice for the throw. (he seized, he grasped, he took)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect tense

9th conjugation, parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular

Root: grah (class 9)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni. (son of Subala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala

From Subala + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

जितम् (jitam) - "It is won!" (Śakuni declared his victory). (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered

Past Passive Participle

From root JĪ (to conquer, win)

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively, often in exclamation.

इति (iti) - Introduces direct speech. (thus, saying)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the statement. (only, indeed, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (proper noun), bird

Note: The subject of 'abhāṣata'.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun), steadfast in battle

From YUDHI (locative of yudh, battle) + STHIRA (firm, steady)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Śakuni spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira. (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect tense

1st conjugation, ātmanepada, imperfect, 3rd singular

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Previous Verse