महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रतिजग्राह तं पार्थो ग्लहं जग्राह सौबलः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
pratijagrāha taṁ pārtho glahaṁ jagrāha saubalaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

21. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca pratijagrāha tam pārthaḥ glaham jagrāha
saubalaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

21. Vaiśampāyana said: Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) accepted that wager. Saubala (Śakuni) then took the stake (glaha), and Śakuni indeed spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira, saying, 'It is won!'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampāyana said. (he said, he spoke)

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) accepted the wager. (he accepted, he received)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the wager previously discussed. (that)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira. (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

• ग्लहम् (glaham) - The stake that was played for, specifically, the dice themselves or the act of throwing them. (stake, wager, gambling)

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - Śakuni took the dice for the throw. (he seized, he grasped, he took)

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni. (son of Subala)

• जितम् (jitam) - "It is won!" (Śakuni declared his victory). (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - Introduces direct speech. (thus, saying)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the statement. (only, indeed, just, certainly)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni (proper noun))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhiṣṭhira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Śakuni spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira. (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampāyana said. (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

2nd conjugation, parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) accepted the wager. (he accepted, he received)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect tense

9th conjugation, parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular, with upasarga PRATI

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

तम् (tam) - Refers to the wager previously discussed. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the wager ('glaha').

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira. (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

From Pṛthā + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira here.

ग्लहम् (glaham) - The stake that was played for, specifically, the dice themselves or the act of throwing them. (stake, wager, gambling)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of glaha

glaha - stake, wager, gambling

Root: glah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jagrāha'.

जग्राह (jagrāha) - Śakuni took the dice for the throw. (he seized, he grasped, he took)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect tense

9th conjugation, parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular

Root: grah (class 9)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni. (son of Subala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala

From Subala + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

जितम् (jitam) - "It is won!" (Śakuni declared his victory). (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered

Past Passive Participle

From root JĪ (to conquer, win)

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively, often in exclamation.

इति (iti) - Introduces direct speech. (thus, saying)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the statement. (only, indeed, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice. (Śakuni (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (proper noun), bird

Note: The subject of 'abhāṣata'.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun), steadfast in battle

From YUDHI (locative of yudh, battle) + STHIRA (firm, steady)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - Śakuni spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira. (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect tense

1st conjugation, ātmanepada, imperfect, 3rd singular

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)