महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-15

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
जनप्रवादान्सुबहूनिति शृण्वन्नराधिपः ।
ह्रिया च धर्मसङ्गाच्च पार्थो द्यूतमियात्पुनः ॥१५॥

15. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
janapravādānsubahūniti śṛṇvannarādhipaḥ ,
hriyā ca dharmasaṅgācca pārtho dyūtamiyātpunaḥ.

15. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | janapravādān subahūn iti śṛṇvan narādhipaḥ
| hriyā ca dharmasaṅgāt ca pārthaḥ dyūtam iyāt punaḥ

15. Vaiśampāyana said: Hearing many such public rumors, the king (Yudhiṣṭhira), out of shame and his adherence to his moral duty (dharma), would again go to the game of dice.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• जनप्रवादान् (janapravādān) - public rumors (public rumors, popular reports)

• सुबहून् (subahūn) - many (very many, numerous)

• इति (iti) - such (referring to what was said) (thus, so, in this manner)

• शृण्वन् (śṛṇvan) - hearing (hearing, listening)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king, lord of men)

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - out of shame (by shame, modesty)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मसङ्गात् (dharmasaṅgāt) - due to adherence to his moral duty (dharma) (from attachment to duty/natural law (dharma), by reason of dharma)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the game of dice (game of dice, gambling)

• इयात् (iyāt) - would go (may go, should go, would go)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, class 2, perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

जनप्रवादान् (janapravādān) - public rumors (public rumors, popular reports)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of janapravāda

janapravāda - public rumor, popular report

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pravāda)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
• pravāda – rumor, report, speech
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vad (class 1)

सुबहून् (subahūn) - many (very many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of subahu

subahu - very many, numerous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bahu – much, many
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `janapravādān`.

इति (iti) - such (referring to what was said) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

शृण्वन् (śṛṇvan) - hearing (hearing, listening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - hearing, listening (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Root śru, class 5, present active participle

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `narādhipaḥ`.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

ह्रिया (hriyā) - out of shame (by shame, modesty)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - shame, modesty, embarrassment

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धर्मसङ्गात् (dharmasaṅgāt) - due to adherence to his moral duty (dharma) (from attachment to duty/natural law (dharma), by reason of dharma)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharmasaṅga

dharmasaṅga - attachment to duty/natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+saṅga)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• saṅga – attachment, union, contact
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Used to express cause or reason.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kṛṣṇa's aunt, Kuntī)

Note: Here referring to Yudhiṣṭhira.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the game of dice (game of dice, gambling)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling, a wager

Past Passive Participle (n.)

From root 'div' (to play), past passive participle.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `iyāt`.

इयात् (iyāt) - would go (may go, should go, would go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of i

Optative Active

Root i, class 2, optative mood, 3rd person singular active

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Expresses a potential or conditional action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further)

(indeclinable)