महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-15

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
जनप्रवादान्सुबहूनिति शृण्वन्नराधिपः ।
ह्रिया च धर्मसङ्गाच्च पार्थो द्यूतमियात्पुनः ॥१५॥

15. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
janapravādānsubahūniti śṛṇvannarādhipaḥ ,
hriyā ca dharmasaṅgācca pārtho dyūtamiyātpunaḥ.

15. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | janapravādān subahūn iti śṛṇvan narādhipaḥ
| hriyā ca dharmasaṅgāt ca pārthaḥ dyūtam iyāt punaḥ

15. Vaiśampāyana said: Hearing many such public rumors, the king (Yudhiṣṭhira), out of shame and his adherence to his moral duty (dharma), would again go to the game of dice.

15. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כששמע את דברי העם הרבים, מלך בני האדם, פָּארְתְהַה, מתוך בושה ודבקות בדרך היושר, ניגש שוב למשחק הקוביות.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• जनप्रवादान् (janapravādān) - public rumors (public rumors, popular reports)

• सुबहून् (subahūn) - many (very many, numerous)

• इति (iti) - such (referring to what was said) (thus, so, in this manner)

• शृण्वन् (śṛṇvan) - hearing (hearing, listening)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king, lord of men)

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - out of shame (by shame, modesty)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मसङ्गात् (dharmasaṅgāt) - due to adherence to his moral duty (dharma) (from attachment to duty/natural law (dharma), by reason of dharma)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the game of dice (game of dice, gambling)

• इयात् (iyāt) - would go (may go, should go, would go)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, class 2, perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

जनप्रवादान् (janapravādān) - public rumors (public rumors, popular reports)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of janapravāda

janapravāda - public rumor, popular report

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pravāda)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
• pravāda – rumor, report, speech
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vad (class 1)

सुबहून् (subahūn) - many (very many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of subahu

subahu - very many, numerous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bahu – much, many
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `janapravādān`.

इति (iti) - such (referring to what was said) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

शृण्वन् (śṛṇvan) - hearing (hearing, listening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - hearing, listening (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Root śru, class 5, present active participle

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `narādhipaḥ`.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

ह्रिया (hriyā) - out of shame (by shame, modesty)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - shame, modesty, embarrassment

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धर्मसङ्गात् (dharmasaṅgāt) - due to adherence to his moral duty (dharma) (from attachment to duty/natural law (dharma), by reason of dharma)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharmasaṅga

dharmasaṅga - attachment to duty/natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+saṅga)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• saṅga – attachment, union, contact
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Used to express cause or reason.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kṛṣṇa's aunt, Kuntī)

Note: Here referring to Yudhiṣṭhira.

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the game of dice (game of dice, gambling)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling, a wager

Past Passive Participle (n.)

From root 'div' (to play), past passive participle.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `iyāt`.

इयात् (iyāt) - would go (may go, should go, would go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of i

Optative Active

Root i, class 2, optative mood, 3rd person singular active

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Expresses a potential or conditional action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further)

(indeclinable)

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