महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-14

सभासद ऊचुः ।
अहो धिग्बान्धवा नैनं बोधयन्ति महद्भयम् ।
बुद्ध्या बोध्यं न बुध्यन्ते स्वयं च भरतर्षभाः ॥१४॥

14. sabhāsada ūcuḥ ,
aho dhigbāndhavā nainaṁ bodhayanti mahadbhayam ,
buddhyā bodhyaṁ na budhyante svayaṁ ca bharatarṣabhāḥ.

14. sabhāsadaḥ ūcuḥ aho dhik bāndhavāḥ na enam bodhayanti mahat
bhayam buddhyā bodhyam na budhyante svayam ca bharatarṣabhāḥ

14. The members of the assembly said: 'Alas, shame! His relatives do not make him (Duryodhana) understand the great danger. And these chiefs among the Bharatas themselves do not comprehend through intelligence what ought to be understood.'

Words meanings summery:

• सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

• अहो (aho) - Alas! Oh!

• धिक् (dhik) - Shame! Woe! Fie!

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

• न (na) - not, no

• एनम् (enam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, this one)

• बोधयन्ति (bodhayanti) - they make understand, they inform, they warn

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, by intellect

• बोध्यम् (bodhyam) - that which should be understood, comprehensible

• न (na) - not, no

• बुध्यन्ते (budhyante) - they understand, they perceive

• स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves, personally

• च (ca) - and, also

• भरतर्षभाः (bharatarṣabhāḥ) - chiefs among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sabhāsada

sabhāsada - member of an assembly, courtier

Compound of sabhā (assembly) and sad (one who sits/sits in)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+sada)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• sada – sitting, seated (as suffix)
  adjective
  Derived from root sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'ūcuḥ'.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Root 'vac' (class 2) - liṭ lakāra prathamapuruṣa bahuvacanam, irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

अहो (aho) - Alas! Oh!

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - Shame! Woe! Fie!

(indeclinable)

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman, friend

Root: bandh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bodhayanti'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, him, her, it

Note: Object of 'bodhayanti'.

बोधयन्ति (bodhayanti) - they make understand, they inform, they warn

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of budh

Causative, Present Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Causative stem from root 'budh' (class 1) - laṭ lakāra prathamapuruṣa bahuvacanam

Root: budh (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'bhayam'.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, danger, dread

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'bodhayanti'.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, by intellect

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intelligence, intellect, understanding, perception

Derived from root 'budh' (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means or instrument of understanding.

बोध्यम् (bodhyam) - that which should be understood, comprehensible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bodhya

bodhya - to be understood, to be known, comprehensible

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root 'budh' (to know, perceive) with suffix 'ṇyaT'

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Expresses obligation or fitness.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बुध्यन्ते (budhyante) - they understand, they perceive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Tense, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Root 'budh' (class 4) - laṭ lakāra prathamapuruṣa bahuvacanam (ātmanepada)

Root: budh (class 4)

स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves, personally

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भरतर्षभाः (bharatarṣabhāḥ) - chiefs among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, chief among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound of bharata (descendant of Bharata) and ṛṣabha (bull, chief)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛṣ (to go, move)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'na budhyante'.