महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-16

जानन्नपि महाबुद्धिः पुनर्द्यूतमवर्तयत् ।
अप्ययं न विनाशः स्यात्कुरूणामिति चिन्तयन् ॥१६॥

16. jānannapi mahābuddhiḥ punardyūtamavartayat ,
apyayaṁ na vināśaḥ syātkurūṇāmiti cintayan.

16. jānan api mahābuddhiḥ punaḥ dyūtam avartayat |
api ayam na vināśaḥ syāt kurūṇām iti cintayan

16. Even though he was greatly intelligent, he again engaged in the game of dice, thinking, "May this not be the destruction of the Kurus."

Words meanings summery:

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing (knowing, perceiving)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

• महाबुद्धिः (mahābuddhiḥ) - the greatly intelligent one (Yudhiṣṭhira) (great intellect, great-minded, highly intelligent)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the game of dice (game of dice, gambling)

• अवर्तयत् (avartayat) - he engaged in (he engaged, he caused to proceed, he began)

• अपि (api) - lest (if perhaps, lest)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (game of dice) (this, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - the destruction (destruction, ruin, loss)

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be (may be, should be, would be)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus (a royal dynasty) (of the Kurus)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

• चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking (thinking, considering)

Words meanings and morphology

जानन् (jānan) - knowing (knowing, perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, conscious (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Root jñā, class 9, present active participle

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `mahābuddhiḥ`.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

महाबुद्धिः (mahābuddhiḥ) - the greatly intelligent one (Yudhiṣṭhira) (great intellect, great-minded, highly intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābuddhi

mahābuddhi - great intellect, great-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+buddhi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further)

(indeclinable)

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - the game of dice (game of dice, gambling)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling, a wager

Past Passive Participle (n.)

From root 'div' (to play), past passive participle.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `avartayat`.

अवर्तयत् (avartayat) - he engaged in (he engaged, he caused to proceed, he began)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Causative Active

Root vṛt, class 10 (causative of vṛt class 1), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Causative of 'to turn' meaning 'to cause to proceed, to begin'.

अपि (api) - lest (if perhaps, lest)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (game of dice) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the current situation or act of gambling.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - the destruction (destruction, ruin, loss)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active

Root as, class 2, optative mood, 3rd person singular active

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with 'api...na' for expressing apprehension, 'lest it should be not' or 'may it not be'.

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus (a royal dynasty) (of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a member of the Kuru dynasty, name of an ancient tribe/country

इति (iti) - thus (introducing thought) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking (thinking, considering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintayat

cintayat - thinking, reflecting (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Root cit, class 10 (causative of cit class 1/10), present active participle

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `mahābuddhiḥ` (Yudhiṣṭhira).