महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-17

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं वै मद्विधो राजा स्वधर्ममनुपालयन् ।
आहूतो विनिवर्तेत दीव्यामि शकुने त्वया ॥१७॥

17. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ vai madvidho rājā svadharmamanupālayan ,
āhūto vinivarteta dīvyāmi śakune tvayā.

17. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | katham vai madvidhaḥ rājā svadharmam
anupālayan | āhūtaḥ vinivarteta dīvyāmi śakune tvayā

17. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Indeed, how could a king like me, upholding his own moral duty (dharma), refuse after being challenged? I will play dice with you, O Śakuni."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

• मद्विधः (madvidhaḥ) - a king like me (like me, such as I am)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - his own moral duty (dharma) (one's own duty, one's intrinsic nature, one's natural law (dharma))

• अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - upholding (observing, maintaining, protecting)

• आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - challenged (in a game) (invited, called, challenged)

• विनिवर्तेत (vinivarteta) - could refuse (turn back) (may turn back, should withdraw, could refuse)

• दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I will play dice (I play, I gamble)

• शकुने (śakune) - O Śakuni (maternal uncle of the Kauravas) (O Śakuni)

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you (by you, with you)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (or tatpuruṣa) (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, class 2, perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

मद्विधः (madvidhaḥ) - a king like me (like me, such as I am)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madvidha

madvidha - like me, such as I am

Compound of mat (from asmad) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mat+vidha)

• mat – I, me (abl. of asmad)
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - his own moral duty (dharma) (one's own duty, one's intrinsic nature, one's natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own duty, one's intrinsic nature, one's natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `anupālayan`.

अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - upholding (observing, maintaining, protecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupālayat

anupālayat - observing, maintaining, protecting (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Root pāl, class 10 (causative of pā), with upasarga anu. Present active participle.

Prefix: anu

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - challenged (in a game) (invited, called, challenged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūta

āhūta - invited, called, challenged, summoned (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle

Root hve (to call), with upasarga ā. Past passive participle.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

विनिवर्तेत (vinivarteta) - could refuse (turn back) (may turn back, should withdraw, could refuse)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Optative Active

Root vṛt, class 1, optative mood, 3rd person singular active, with upasargas vi and ni.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implies possibility or propriety.

दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I will play dice (I play, I gamble)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of div

Present Active

Root div, class 4, present tense, 1st person singular active

Root: div (class 4)

शकुने (śakune) - O Śakuni (maternal uncle of the Kauravas) (O Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird, name of a Gandhara prince and dice player in the Mahabharata

त्वया (tvayā) - with you (by you, with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)