महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-67, verse-19

एष नो ग्लह एवैको वनवासाय पाण्डवाः ।
यूयं वयं वा विजिता वसेम वनमाश्रिताः ॥१९॥

19. eṣa no glaha evaiko vanavāsāya pāṇḍavāḥ ,
yūyaṁ vayaṁ vā vijitā vasema vanamāśritāḥ.

19. eṣaḥ naḥ glahaḥ eva ekaḥ vanavāsāya pāṇḍavāḥ
yūyam vayam vā vijitāḥ vasema vanam āśritāḥ

19. O Pāṇḍavas, this is our sole wager: for dwelling in the forest (vanavāsa). Whichever side, you or we, is defeated, that side shall reside, taking refuge in the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• नः (naḥ) - our, to us

• ग्लहः (glahaḥ) - stake, wager, gambling

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, single, sole

• वनवासाय (vanavāsāya) - for dwelling in the forest, for forest exile

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Addressing the Pāṇḍava brothers. (O sons of Pāṇḍu! O Pāṇḍavas!)

• यूयम् (yūyam) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (you (plural))

• वयम् (vayam) - Refers to the Kauravas. (we)

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• विजिताः (vijitāḥ) - defeated

• वसेम (vasema) - Implies "we (the defeated ones)" should dwell. (we/they should dwell/reside)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

नः (naḥ) - our, to us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of the pronoun asmad, meaning 'our' (genitive plural) or 'to us' (dative plural). Here, genitive.

ग्लहः (glahaḥ) - stake, wager, gambling

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of glaha

glaha - stake, wager, gambling

Root: glah (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, single, sole

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, sole

Note: Agrees with 'glahaḥ'.

वनवासाय (vanavāsāya) - for dwelling in the forest, for forest exile

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - dwelling in the forest, forest exile

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From root VAS (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Addressing the Pāṇḍava brothers. (O sons of Pāṇḍu! O Pāṇḍavas!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu

From Pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

यूयम् (yūyam) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (you (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वयम् (vayam) - Refers to the Kauravas. (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'yūyam' and 'vayam'.

विजिताः (vijitāḥ) - defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijita

vijita - defeated, conquered, won

Past Passive Participle

From root JĪ (to conquer) with upasarga VI

Prefix: vi

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yūyam' and 'vayam' collectively.

वसेम (vasema) - Implies "we (the defeated ones)" should dwell. (we/they should dwell/reside)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vas

Optative Mood

1st conjugation, parasmaipada, optative, 1st plural

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The meaning is "we should dwell", but it refers to whichever party is defeated.

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of 'āśritāḥ' (taking refuge in the forest).

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, dependent on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From root ŚRI (to resort to, cling to) with upasarga Ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yūyam vayam... vijitāḥ'.