महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-39, verse-9

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा रूक्षं रूक्षाक्षरं बहु ।
चुकोप बलिनां श्रेष्ठो भीमसेनः प्रतापवान् ॥९॥

9. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasya tadvacanaṁ śrutvā rūkṣaṁ rūkṣākṣaraṁ bahu ,
cukopa balināṁ śreṣṭho bhīmasenaḥ pratāpavān.

9. vaiśampāyana uvāca tasya tat vacanam śrutvā rūkṣam
rūkṣākṣaram bahu cukopa balinām śreṣṭhaḥ bhīmasenaḥ pratāpavān

9. Vaiśaṁpāyana said: Having heard that speech of his, which was crude, filled with many harsh words, Bhīmasena, the foremost among the powerful and mighty, became enraged.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśaṁpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the speaker of the harsh words) (his, of him, to him)

• तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that, it)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech (speech, word, utterance)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - crude, rough (harsh, crude, rough, dry)

• रूक्षाक्षरम् (rūkṣākṣaram) - filled with harsh words (having harsh syllables/words)

• बहु (bahu) - many (harsh words) (many, much, abundant)

• चुकोप (cukopa) - became enraged (he became angry, was enraged)

• बलिनाम् (balinām) - of the powerful (of the strong, of powerful ones)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (best, foremost, excellent)

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava))

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful (mighty, valorous, glorious, powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśaṁpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, a narrator of Mahabharata

Note: Masculine nominative singular

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active voice of vac

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the speaker of the harsh words) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine genitive singular

तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Neuter accusative singular, modifying vacanam

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech (speech, word, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, utterance, saying

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Neuter accusative singular

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund)

रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - crude, rough (harsh, crude, rough, dry)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, crude, rough, dry

Note: Neuter accusative singular, agreeing with vacanam

रूक्षाक्षरम् (rūkṣākṣaram) - filled with harsh words (having harsh syllables/words)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūkṣākṣara

rūkṣākṣara - having harsh syllables/words

Bahuvrihi compound: rūkṣa (harsh) + akṣara (syllable/word)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rūkṣa+akṣara)

• rūkṣa – harsh, rough, dry
  adjective
• akṣara – syllable, letter, word, imperishable
  noun (neuter)

Note: Neuter accusative singular, agreeing with vacanam

बहु (bahu) - many (harsh words) (many, much, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Neuter accusative singular, agreeing with vacanam

चुकोप (cukopa) - became enraged (he became angry, was enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kup

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active voice of kup

बलिनाम् (balinām) - of the powerful (of the strong, of powerful ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

From bala (strength) with suffix -in

Note: Masculine genitive plural of balin

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (best, foremost, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, foremost, excellent, chief

Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, describing Bhīmasena

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of a Pāṇḍava, 'he whose army is terrible'

Note: Masculine nominative singular

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful (mighty, valorous, glorious, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, valorous, glorious, powerful

From pratāpa (majesty, power) with matup suffix

Note: Masculine nominative singular, agreeing with Bhīmasena