महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-39, verse-4

येन धर्मात्मनात्मानं ब्रह्मण्यमभिजानता ।
नैषितं पाद्यमस्मै तद्दातुमग्रे दुरात्मने ॥४॥

4. yena dharmātmanātmānaṁ brahmaṇyamabhijānatā ,
naiṣitaṁ pādyamasmai taddātumagre durātmane.

4. yena dharmātmanā ātmānam brahmaṇyam abhijānatā
na eṣitam pādyam asmai tat dātum agre durātmane

4. By whom (Kṛṣṇa), who possessed a righteous nature (dharma) and considered himself (ātman) to be devoted to brahman (brahmaṇya), the ceremonial foot-water was not desired to be offered to that evil-minded one (durātman) in his presence.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Kṛṣṇa, the agent of the action) (by whom, by which)

• धर्मात्मना (dharmātmanā) - by him who possessed a righteous nature (dharma) (by one whose nature (ātman) is dharma, by one righteous in spirit)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (referring to Kṛṣṇa's own being) (oneself, the self (ātman))

• ब्रह्मण्यम् (brahmaṇyam) - devoted to brahman (Kṛṣṇa saw himself as a devotee of brahman) (devoted to brahman, sacred, holy)

• अभिजानता (abhijānatā) - by him who recognized/knew (himself as such) (by one who knows, by one recognizing)

• न (na) - not (negating the desire to give) (not, no)

• एषितम् (eṣitam) - was desired (in a passive construction, hence 'not desired') (desired, sought, wished)

• पाद्यम् (pādyam) - the ceremonial foot-water (offered to guests as a mark of respect) (foot-washing water, water for the feet)

• अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Jarāsandha) (to him, for him)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the ceremonial foot-water) (that, it)

• दातुम् (dātum) - to offer (the foot-water) (to give, to offer)

• अग्रे (agre) - in his presence (Jarāsandha's) (in front, before, in the presence of)

• दुरात्मने (durātmane) - to that evil-minded one (Jarāsandha) (to the evil-minded one, to the wicked one (durātman))

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Kṛṣṇa, the agent of the action) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

धर्मात्मना (dharmātmanā) - by him who possessed a righteous nature (dharma) (by one whose nature (ātman) is dharma, by one righteous in spirit)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous in spirit, virtuous, whose nature (ātman) is dharma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (referring to Kṛṣṇa's own being) (oneself, the self (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, individual soul

ब्रह्मण्यम् (brahmaṇyam) - devoted to brahman (Kṛṣṇa saw himself as a devotee of brahman) (devoted to brahman, sacred, holy)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brahmaṇya

brahmaṇya - devoted to brahman (the Absolute Reality), sacred, holy, virtuous

अभिजानता (abhijānatā) - by him who recognized/knew (himself as such) (by one who knows, by one recognizing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhijānat

abhijānat - knowing, perceiving, recognizing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √jñā with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not (negating the desire to give) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एषितम् (eṣitam) - was desired (in a passive construction, hence 'not desired') (desired, sought, wished)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of eṣita

eṣita - desired, wished, sought

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 4)

पाद्यम् (pādyam) - the ceremonial foot-water (offered to guests as a mark of respect) (foot-washing water, water for the feet)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pādya

pādya - water for the feet, foot-washing water

Gerundive

Formed from pād (foot)

अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Jarāsandha) (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the ceremonial foot-water) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दातुम् (dātum) - to offer (the foot-water) (to give, to offer)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from the root √dā

Root: dā (class 3)

अग्रे (agre) - in his presence (Jarāsandha's) (in front, before, in the presence of)

(indeclinable)

दुरात्मने (durātmane) - to that evil-minded one (Jarāsandha) (to the evil-minded one, to the wicked one (durātman))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)