महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-39, verse-19

मुञ्चैनं भीष्म पश्यन्तु यावदेनं नराधिपाः ।
मत्प्रतापाग्निनिर्दग्धं पतंगमिव वह्निना ॥१९॥

19. muñcainaṁ bhīṣma paśyantu yāvadenaṁ narādhipāḥ ,
matpratāpāgninirdagdhaṁ pataṁgamiva vahninā.

19. muñca enam bhīṣma paśyantu yāvat enam narādhipāḥ
matpratāpāgninirdagdham pataṅgam iva vahninā

19. "O Bhishma, release him! Let these kings see him, burnt by the fire of my valor, just like a moth consumed by fire."

Words meanings summery:

• मुञ्च (muñca) - release, let go

• एनम् (enam) - referring to Śiśupāla (the King of Cedi) (him, this (masc. singular accusative))

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhishma! (vocative)

• पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - let them see

• यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, while, as much as

• एनम् (enam) - referring to Śiśupāla (the King of Cedi) (him, this (masc. singular accusative))

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

• मत्प्रतापाग्निनिर्दग्धम् (matpratāpāgninirdagdham) - referring to Śiśupāla being burnt by the power of the speaker (Cedi king) (burnt by the fire of my valor)

• पतङ्गम् (pataṅgam) - moth (moth, winged insect, bird)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वह्निना (vahninā) - by fire

Words meanings and morphology

मुञ्च (muñca) - release, let go

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of muñc

Imperative active

Root `muc` (6th class), modified to `muñc` in present stem.

Root: muc (class 6)

एनम् (enam) - referring to Śiśupāla (the King of Cedi) (him, this (masc. singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, him, it

Note: Object of `muñca`.

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhishma! (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a revered warrior in the Mahabharata)

पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - let them see

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative active

Present stem `paśya` from root `dṛś` (class 1).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, while, as much as

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - referring to Śiśupāla (the King of Cedi) (him, this (masc. singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, him, it

Note: Object of `paśyantu`.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `paśyantu`.

मत्प्रतापाग्निनिर्दग्धम् (matpratāpāgninirdagdham) - referring to Śiśupāla being burnt by the power of the speaker (Cedi king) (burnt by the fire of my valor)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matpratāpāgninirdagdha

matpratāpāgninirdagdha - burnt by the fire of my valor/majesty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+pratāpa+agni+nirdagdha)

• mad – my (from 'I')
  pronoun
  ablative/genitive form of `asmad` (I), used as a possessive adjective in compounds
• pratāpa – valor, majesty, power, glory
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• nirdagdha – burnt, consumed by fire
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dah` with prefix `nir`.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `enam`.

पतङ्गम् (pataṅgam) - moth (moth, winged insect, bird)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pataṅga

pataṅga - moth, butterfly, winged insect, bird

From root `pat` (to fly/fall) + `ga` (going).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वह्निना (vahninā) - by fire

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vahni

vahni - fire, Agni (god of fire)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Means by which the moth is burnt.