महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-21, verse-17

कार्त्तिकस्य तु मासस्य प्रवृत्तं प्रथमेऽहनि ।
अनारतं दिवारात्रमविश्रान्तमवर्तत ॥१७॥

17. kārttikasya tu māsasya pravṛttaṁ prathame'hani ,
anārataṁ divārātramaviśrāntamavartata.

17. kārttikasya tu māsasya pravṛttam prathame
ahani anāratam divārātram aviśrāntam avartata

17. It commenced on the first day of the month of Kārttika and continued incessantly, day and night, without rest.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्त्तिकस्य (kārttikasya) - of Kārttika

• तु (tu) - indeed, and

• मासस्य (māsasya) - of the month

• प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, started

• प्रथमे (prathame) - on the first

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day

• अनारतम् (anāratam) - incessantly, without interruption

• दिवारात्रम् (divārātram) - day and night

• अविश्रान्तम् (aviśrāntam) - without rest, tirelessly

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it continued, it occurred

Words meanings and morphology

कार्त्तिकस्य (kārttikasya) - of Kārttika

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kārttika

kārttika - name of a month in the Hindu calendar (October-November)

तु (tu) - indeed, and

(indeclinable)

मासस्य (māsasya) - of the month

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, started

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, started, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + √vṛt (1st class, P.P. -vṛtta)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रथमे (prathame) - on the first

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost

अहनि (ahani) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

अनारतम् (anāratam) - incessantly, without interruption

(adjective)

neuter, singular of anārata

anārata - incessant, uninterrupted

From a (neg.) + ni-ārata (from √ram)

Prefixes: a+ni

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially with avartata.

दिवारात्रम् (divārātram) - day and night

(noun)

neuter, singular of divārātra

divārātra - day and night

Compound of divā (by day) and rātra (night). Adverbial compound.

Compound type : dvandva (divā+rātra)

• divā – by day, during the day
  indeclinable
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially.

अविश्रान्तम् (aviśrāntam) - without rest, tirelessly

(adjective)

neuter, singular of aviśrānta

aviśrānta - unresting, untiring

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From a (neg.) + vi-√śram (to rest)

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Used adverbially with avartata.

अवर्तत (avartata) - it continued, it occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implies 'it went on' or 'it happened'.