महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-3, verse-16

एवं पश्यन्हृषीकेशः संप्राप्तं कालपर्ययम् ।
त्रयोदश्याममावास्यां तां दृष्ट्वा प्राब्रवीदिदम् ॥१६॥

16. evaṁ paśyanhṛṣīkeśaḥ saṁprāptaṁ kālaparyayam ,
trayodaśyāmamāvāsyāṁ tāṁ dṛṣṭvā prābravīdidam.

16. evam paśyan hṛṣīkeśaḥ samprāptam kālaparyayam
trayodaśyām amāvāsyām tām dṛṣṭvā prābravīt idam

16. Thus, Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa), observing the arrival of this critical juncture of time, and having seen that particular thirteenth day which was also a new moon (amāvāsyā), spoke the following words.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus; in this manner; so)

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - observing (seeing; observing)

• हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa) (Hṛṣīkeśa (name of Kṛṣṇa))

• सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - the arrival of (the critical juncture) (having arrived; having reached; obtained)

• कालपर्ययम् (kālaparyayam) - critical juncture of time (change of time; end of an era; critical juncture of time)

• त्रयोदश्याम् (trayodaśyām) - on the thirteenth day (on the thirteenth (day))

• अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon (amāvāsyā) (on the new moon day; on the day of conjunction (of sun and moon))

• ताम् (tām) - that (thirteenth day/new moon) (that (feminine accusative))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen; having observed)

• प्राब्रवीत् (prābravīt) - spoke (spoke; said)

• इदम् (idam) - this (following statement) (this; these)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus; in this manner; so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.

Note: Modifies 'paśyan'.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - observing (seeing; observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing; observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -śatṛ (thematic stem paśya-).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa) (Hṛṣīkeśa (name of Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - master of the senses; name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

Compound of Hṛṣīka (senses) and Īśa (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – senses; sense organs
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord; master; ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'prābravīt'.

सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - the arrival of (the critical juncture) (having arrived; having reached; obtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived; obtained; reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain, reach) with upasargas sam- and pra-.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कालपर्ययम् (kālaparyayam) - critical juncture of time (change of time; end of an era; critical juncture of time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālaparyaya

kālaparyaya - change of time; lapse of time; revolution of an age; critical juncture

Compound of kāla (time) and paryaya (change, turn).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+paryaya)

• kāla – time; period; season
  noun (masculine)
• paryaya – change; turn; revolution; succession
  noun (masculine)

त्रयोदश्याम् (trayodaśyām) - on the thirteenth day (on the thirteenth (day))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of trayodaśī

trayodaśī - thirteenth (day); the thirteenth day of a lunar fortnight

Ordinal number formed from traya (three) and daśan (ten).

Note: Indicates time when an action occurs.

अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon (amāvāsyā) (on the new moon day; on the day of conjunction (of sun and moon))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of amāvāsyā

amāvāsyā - new moon day; the day of conjunction of the sun and moon

From 'amā' (together) and 'vas' (to dwell).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'trayodaśyām'.

ताम् (tām) - that (thirteenth day/new moon) (that (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that; this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen; having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्राब्रवीत् (prābravīt) - spoke (spoke; said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prabravī

From root brū (to speak) with upasarga pra-. Augmented imperfect.

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

इदम् (idam) - this (following statement) (this; these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this; these (near the speaker)

Demonstrative pronoun.