महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-9, verse-21

तैः सार्धं मन्त्रयेथास्त्वं नात्यर्थं बहुभिः सह ।
समस्तैरपि च व्यस्तैर्व्यपदेशेन केनचित् ॥२१॥

21. taiḥ sārdhaṁ mantrayethāstvaṁ nātyarthaṁ bahubhiḥ saha ,
samastairapi ca vyastairvyapadeśena kenacit.

21. taiḥ sārdham mantrayethāḥ tvam na atyartham bahubhiḥ
saha samastaiḥ api ca vyastaiḥ vyapadeśena kenacit

21. tvam taiḥ sārdham mantrayethāḥ na atyartham bahubhiḥ
saha api ca samastaiḥ vyastaiḥ kenacit vyapadeśena

21. You should consult with them, but not excessively with many people. You should deliberate with them all together, or individually, using some appropriate pretext.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - with the appointed ministers (with them)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• मन्त्रयेथाः (mantrayethāḥ) - you should consult, deliberate

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, too much

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many people/ministers (with many)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• समस्तैः (samastaiḥ) - with all ministers combined (with all (of them) combined)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• च (ca) - and

• व्यस्तैः (vyastaiḥ) - with ministers individually (with them separately, individually)

• व्यपदेशेन (vyapadeśena) - under some appropriate pretext to maintain secrecy (by means of a pretext, by an excuse)

• केनचित् (kenacit) - by some, by any

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - with the appointed ministers (with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the ministers mentioned in the previous verse.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

मन्त्रयेथाः (mantrayethāḥ) - you should consult, deliberate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ (ātmanepada)) of mantr

Denominative verb from 'mantra' (counsel, sacred utterance), Class 10.

Root: mantr (class 10)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, too much

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – beyond, over, excessively
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many people/ministers (with many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Modifies an implied noun like 'people' or 'ministers'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

समस्तैः (samastaiḥ) - with all ministers combined (with all (of them) combined)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of samasta

samasta - all, entire, combined, united

Past Passive Participle

From root as (to throw, cast) with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 4)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

व्यस्तैः (vyastaiḥ) - with ministers individually (with them separately, individually)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vyasta

vyasta - separated, individual, disjoined

Past Passive Participle

From root as (to throw, cast) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

व्यपदेशेन (vyapadeśena) - under some appropriate pretext to maintain secrecy (by means of a pretext, by an excuse)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyapadeśa

vyapadeśa - pretext, designation, instruction, reference

From root diś (to point out, show) with upasargas vi and apa.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: diś (class 6)

केनचित् (kenacit) - by some, by any

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kimcid

kimcid - some, any, a certain

Formed from 'kim' (what) and the particle 'cit'.

Note: Used with 'vyapadeśena'.