महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-24, verse-24

स तेषामतिदुःखोऽभून्निवासः प्रथमेऽहनि ।
शोचतां शोच्यमानानां पौरजानपदैर्जनैः ॥२४॥

24. sa teṣāmatiduḥkho'bhūnnivāsaḥ prathame'hani ,
śocatāṁ śocyamānānāṁ paurajānapadairjanaiḥ.

24. saḥ teṣām atiduḥkhaḥ abhūt nivāsaḥ prathame
ahani śocatām śocyamānānām paurajānapadaiḥ janaiḥ

24. saḥ nivāsaḥ teṣām prathame ahani atiduḥkhaḥ
abhūt śocatām śocyamānānām paurajānapadaiḥ janaiḥ

24. That first day's dwelling was extremely sorrowful for them, as they were lamenting and were being lamented by the city dwellers and the country folk.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• अतिदुःखः (atiduḥkhaḥ) - extremely sorrowful, very painful

• अभूत् (abhūt) - it was, it became

• निवासः (nivāsaḥ) - dwelling, residence

• प्रथमे (prathame) - on the first

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day

• शोचताम् (śocatām) - of those lamenting

• शोच्यमानानाम् (śocyamānānām) - of those being lamented

• पौरजानपदैः (paurajānapadaiḥ) - by the city dwellers and country folk

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by the people

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अतिदुःखः (atiduḥkhaḥ) - extremely sorrowful, very painful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiduḥkha

atiduḥkha - very painful, great sorrow

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+duḥkha)

• ati – very, exceedingly, beyond
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

अभूत् (abhūt) - it was, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

निवासः (nivāsaḥ) - dwelling, residence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivāsa

nivāsa - dwelling, residence, abode

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

प्रथमे (prathame) - on the first

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, primary

अहनि (ahani) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

शोचताम् (śocatām) - of those lamenting

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

Root: śuc (class 1)

शोच्यमानानाम् (śocyamānānām) - of those being lamented

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of śocyamāna

śocyamāna - being lamented, being grieved for

Present Passive Participle

Root: śuc (class 1)

पौरजानपदैः (paurajānapadaiḥ) - by the city dwellers and country folk

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paurajānapada

paurajānapada - city dwellers and country folk, citizens and rustics

Compound type : dvandva (paura+jānapada)

• paura – city dweller, citizen
  noun (masculine)
• jānapada – country dweller, rustic, belonging to a province
  noun (masculine)

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by the people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)