महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-81, verse-19

जननी च किमर्थं ते रणभूमिमुपागता ।
नागेन्द्रदुहिता चेयमुलूपी किमिहागता ॥१९॥

19. jananī ca kimarthaṁ te raṇabhūmimupāgatā ,
nāgendraduhitā ceyamulūpī kimihāgatā.

19. jananī ca kimartham te raṇabhūmim upāgatā
nāgendraduhitā ca iyam ulūpī kim iha āgatā

19. ca te jananī kimartham raṇabhūmim upāgatā
ca iyam nāgendraduhitā ulūpī kim iha āgatā

19. And why has your mother come to this battlefield? And why has this Ulupi, daughter of the king of serpents, come here?

Words meanings summery:

• जननी (jananī) - Babhruvahana's mother (Chitrangada) (mother)

• च (ca) - and, also

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• ते (te) - your (mother) (your, to you)

• रणभूमिम् (raṇabhūmim) - to the battlefield

• उपागता (upāgatā) - arrived, come near

• नागेन्द्रदुहिता (nāgendraduhitā) - Ulupi (daughter of the lord of serpents)

• च (ca) - and, also

• इयम् (iyam) - this (Ulupi) (this (feminine))

• उलूपी (ulūpī) - Arjuna's Naga wife (Ulupi)

• किम् (kim) - why (what?, why?)

• इह (iha) - here (on the battlefield) (here, in this world)

• आगता (āgatā) - arrived, come

Words meanings and morphology

जननी (jananī) - Babhruvahana's mother (Chitrangada) (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jananī

jananī - mother, producer

From root jan (to produce, give birth).

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) and artha (purpose). Functions as an adverb.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  interrogative pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: adverbial use

ते (te) - your (mother) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun, enclitic form.

Note: Refers to Babhruvahana.

रणभूमिम् (raṇabhūmim) - to the battlefield

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of raṇabhūmi

raṇabhūmi - battlefield, field of war

Compound of raṇa (battle) and bhūmi (ground, earth).

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+bhūmi)

• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• bhūmi – earth, ground, land, place
  noun (feminine)

उपागता (upāgatā) - arrived, come near

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - arrived, approached, come near

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefixes upa and ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as predicate.

नागेन्द्रदुहिता (nāgendraduhitā) - Ulupi (daughter of the lord of serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nāgendraduhitṛ

nāgendraduhitṛ - daughter of the lord of serpents

Compound of nāga (serpent), indra (chief, lord), and duhitṛ (daughter).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+indra+duhitṛ)

• nāga – serpent, cobra, Naga (mythological being)
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, king
  noun (masculine)
• duhitṛ – daughter
  noun (feminine)

Note: Epithet for Ulupi.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इयम् (iyam) - this (Ulupi) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she

Feminine nominative singular of demonstrative pronoun 'idam'.

Note: Refers to Ulupi.

उलूपी (ulūpī) - Arjuna's Naga wife (Ulupi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ulūpī

ulūpī - Ulupi (proper name, a Naga princess, one of Arjuna's wives)

किम् (kim) - why (what?, why?)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (on the battlefield) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

adverb

आगता (āgatā) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as predicate.