महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-81, verse-18

किमिदं लक्ष्यते सर्वं शोकविस्मयहर्षवत् ।
रणाजिरममित्रघ्न यदि जानासि शंस मे ॥१८॥

18. kimidaṁ lakṣyate sarvaṁ śokavismayaharṣavat ,
raṇājiramamitraghna yadi jānāsi śaṁsa me.

18. kim idam lakṣyate sarvam śokavismayaharṣavat
raṇājiram amitraghna yadi jānāsi śaṃsa me

18. amitraghna idam sarvam śokavismayaharṣavat
raṇājiram kim lakṣyate yadi jānāsi me śaṃsa

18. What is all this that is observed on the battlefield, full of grief, astonishment, and joy? O slayer of enemies (amitraghna), if you know, tell me.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?

• इदम् (idam) - this

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, is observed, appears

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• शोकविस्मयहर्षवत् (śokavismayaharṣavat) - full of grief, astonishment, and joy; possessing grief, astonishment, and joy

• रणाजिरम् (raṇājiram) - battlefield, arena of combat

• अमित्रघ्न (amitraghna) - O slayer of enemies (addressing Babhruvahana) (slayer of enemies)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare, relate

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what?, why?

(interrogative pronoun)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, is observed, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present

From root lakṣ (to mark, perceive), Passive voice.

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

Pronominal adjective

Note: Qualifies "idam" and implicitly "raṇājiram"

शोकविस्मयहर्षवत् (śokavismayaharṣavat) - full of grief, astonishment, and joy; possessing grief, astonishment, and joy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śokavismayaharṣavat

śokavismayaharṣavat - full of grief, astonishment, and joy

Derived with suffix -vat (possessing). Compound of śoka, vismaya, harṣa.

Compound type : dvandva + matup (śoka+vismaya+harṣa+vat)

• śoka – grief, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vismaya – astonishment, wonder, surprise
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)
• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• vat – possessing, like
  suffix
  Suffix -vat indicating possession or likeness.

Note: Qualifies "raṇājiram"

रणाजिरम् (raṇājiram) - battlefield, arena of combat

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of combat

Compound of raṇa (battle) and ajira (courtyard, arena).

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• ajira – courtyard, arena, ground
  noun (neuter)
  Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject being observed.

अमित्रघ्न (amitraghna) - O slayer of enemies (addressing Babhruvahana) (slayer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of amitraghna

amitraghna - slayer of enemies, enemy-destroyer

Compound of amitra (enemy) and ghna (slayer, destroyer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (amitra+ghna)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'a' (not) + 'mitra' (friend).
• ghna – slayer, destroyer
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root han (to strike, slay).
  Root: han (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

subordinating conjunction

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present

From root jñā (to know), 9th class.

Root: jñā (class 9)

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative

From root śaṃs (to speak, tell).

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person pronoun, enclitic form.