महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-74, verse-4

तमालक्ष्य महाबाहुः कुरूणामृषभस्तदा ।
गाण्डीवं विक्षिपंस्तूर्णं सहसा समुपाद्रवत् ॥४॥

4. tamālakṣya mahābāhuḥ kurūṇāmṛṣabhastadā ,
gāṇḍīvaṁ vikṣipaṁstūrṇaṁ sahasā samupādravat.

4. tam ālakṣya mahābāhuḥ kurūṇām ṛṣabhaḥ tadā
gāṇḍīvam vikṣipan tūrṇam sahasā samupādravat

4. tadā kurūṇām ṛṣabhaḥ mahābāhuḥ tam ālakṣya
tūrṇam gāṇḍīvam vikṣipan sahasā samupādravat

4. Having caught sight of him, the mighty-armed one, that best of the Kurus (Arjuna), then quickly rushed forward with his Gāṇḍīva bow, charging suddenly.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Him, referring to Bhagadatta's son. (him, that)

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having perceived, having seen, having noticed

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - The mighty-armed, referring to Arjuna. (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - The foremost or best of the Kurus, referring to Arjuna. (bull, best, chief, excellent)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gāṇḍīva bow

• विक्षिपन् (vikṣipan) - Wielding or brandishing the Gāṇḍīva bow. (throwing, casting, wielding)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, with force

• समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - rushed forth, charged, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Him, referring to Bhagadatta's son. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having perceived, having seen, having noticed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root lakṣ (to perceive, mark) with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - The mighty-armed, referring to Arjuna. (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed (an epithet of strong heroes)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a member of the Kuru dynasty; name of an ancient royal lineage

Note: Refers to the lineage to which Arjuna belongs.

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - The foremost or best of the Kurus, referring to Arjuna. (bull, best, chief, excellent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - a bull; best, chief, excellent among

Note: Used as an epithet for Arjuna.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gāṇḍīva bow

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - name of Arjuna's bow

विक्षिपन् (vikṣipan) - Wielding or brandishing the Gāṇḍīva bow. (throwing, casting, wielding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikṣipat

vikṣipat - throwing, casting, wielding

present active participle

From root kṣip (to throw) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Refers to Arjuna, describing his action while rushing.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, with force

(indeclinable)

समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - rushed forth, charged, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samupādravat

imperfect tense (laṅ)

Imperfect active third singular of root dru (to run) with upasargas sam-, upa-, and ā-

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)