महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-74, verse-8

ततः पार्थं समासाद्य पाण्डवानां महारथम् ।
आह्वयामास कौरव्यं बाल्यान्मोहाच्च संयुगे ॥८॥

8. tataḥ pārthaṁ samāsādya pāṇḍavānāṁ mahāratham ,
āhvayāmāsa kauravyaṁ bālyānmohācca saṁyuge.

8. tataḥ pārtham samāsādya pāṇḍavānām mahāratham
āhvayāmāsa kauravyam bālyāt mohāt ca saṃyuge

8. Then, having approached Pārtha (Arjuna), the great chariot warrior among the Pāṇḍavas, he challenged that Kuru prince (Arjuna) in battle, due to childishness and delusion (moha).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thence, from that)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna (to Pārtha, to Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot warrior (Arjuna) (the great chariot warrior (accusative))

• आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he challenged (he challenged, he summoned)

• कौरव्यम् (kauravyam) - to Arjuna (as a Kuru prince) (to the Kuru prince, to the descendant of Kuru)

• बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - due to childishness or inexperience (from childishness, due to youth)

• मोहात् (mohāt) - due to delusion (moha) or infatuation (from delusion, due to folly)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix tas.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna (to Pārtha, to Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ suffix.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root sad (to sit, go) with prefixes sam-ā- and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

From Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix.

महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot warrior (Arjuna) (the great chariot warrior (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot warrior, a warrior capable of fighting thousands of enemies alone, great hero

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with Pārtham.

आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he challenged (he challenged, he summoned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of āhvayāmāsa

Perfect (Lit)

Intensive (Causative) form of root hve (to call) with prefix ā-. āmāsa is a periphrastic perfect ending.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

कौरव्यम् (kauravyam) - to Arjuna (as a Kuru prince) (to the Kuru prince, to the descendant of Kuru)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, a Kuru prince, a member of the Kuru dynasty

From Kuru + ya suffix.

बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - due to childishness or inexperience (from childishness, due to youth)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childishness, youth, immaturity

From bāla (child) + ya suffix.

मोहात् (mohāt) - due to delusion (moha) or infatuation (from delusion, due to folly)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, bewilderment, ignorance

From root muh (to be bewildered) + a suffix.

Root: muh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, war

From root yuj (to join) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)