महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-74, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्राग्ज्योतिषमथाभ्येत्य व्यचरत्स हयोत्तमः ।
भगदत्तात्मजस्तत्र निर्ययौ रणकर्कशः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prāgjyotiṣamathābhyetya vyacaratsa hayottamaḥ ,
bhagadattātmajastatra niryayau raṇakarkaśaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca prāgjyotiṣam atha abhyetya vyacarat sa
haya-uttamaḥ bhagadatta-ātmajaḥ tatra niryayau raṇa-karkaśaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca atha prāgjyotiṣam abhyetya sa haya-uttamaḥ
vyacarat tatra bhagadatta-ātmajaḥ raṇa-karkaśaḥ niryayau

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, having arrived at Prāgjyotiṣa, that excellent horse wandered. There, Bhagadatta's son, who was formidable in battle, came forth.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (sage, narrator of Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• प्राग्ज्योतिषम् (prāgjyotiṣam) - Prāgjyotiṣa (a city/kingdom)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having reached

• व्यचरत् (vyacarat) - the horse wandered (it wandered, it moved about)

• स (sa) - that horse (that, he)

• हय-उत्तमः (haya-uttamaḥ) - best of horses, excellent horse

• भगदत्त-आत्मजः (bhagadatta-ātmajaḥ) - son of Bhagadatta

• तत्र (tatra) - in Prāgjyotiṣa (there, in that place)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - Bhagadatta's son came out (he came out, issued forth)

• रण-कर्कशः (raṇa-karkaśaḥ) - fierce in battle, rough in war

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (sage, narrator of Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

perfect past tense

strong form of perfect of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राग्ज्योतिषम् (prāgjyotiṣam) - Prāgjyotiṣa (a city/kingdom)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāgjyotiṣa

prāgjyotiṣa - ancient city and kingdom, modern-day Assam

Note: Denotes destination

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective adverb

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from abhi-i (root i class 2)

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

व्यचरत् (vyacarat) - the horse wandered (it wandered, it moved about)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of vi-car

imperfect past tense

from vi-car (root car class 1)

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

स (sa) - that horse (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Subject of 'vyacarat'

हय-उत्तमः (haya-uttamaḥ) - best of horses, excellent horse

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayottama

hayottama - best of horses, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject with 'sa'

भगदत्त-आत्मजः (bhagadatta-ātmajaḥ) - son of Bhagadatta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadattātmaja

bhagadattātmaja - son of Bhagadatta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhagadatta+ātmaja)

• bhagadatta – name of a king of Prāgjyotiṣa
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, self-born
  noun (masculine)
  from ātman (self) + jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'niryayau'

तत्र (tatra) - in Prāgjyotiṣa (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - Bhagadatta's son came out (he came out, issued forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of nir-yā

perfect past tense

from nir-yā (root yā class 2)

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

रण-कर्कशः (raṇa-karkaśaḥ) - fierce in battle, rough in war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇakarkaśa

raṇakarkaśa - fierce in battle, rough in war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+karkaśa)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• karkaśa – harsh, rough, cruel, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhagadattātmajaḥ'