महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-74, verse-12

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य क्रुद्धो राजन्धनंजयः ।
भूमिष्ठो वारणगतं योधयामास भारत ॥१२॥

12. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya kruddho rājandhanaṁjayaḥ ,
bhūmiṣṭho vāraṇagataṁ yodhayāmāsa bhārata.

12. tam āpatantam samprekṣya kruddhaḥ rājan dhanañjayaḥ
bhūmiṣṭhaḥ vāraṇagatam yodhayāmāsa bhārata

12. rājan bhārata tam āpatantam samprekṣya kruddhaḥ
bhūmiṣṭhaḥ dhanañjayaḥ vāraṇagatam yodhayāmāsa

12. O King, upon seeing that (elephant) charging, the enraged Arjuna, who was standing on the ground, fought against the one mounted on the elephant, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (elephant) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, charging, falling upon

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having observed, upon seeing

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth')

• भूमिष्ठः (bhūmiṣṭhaḥ) - standing on the ground, situated on the ground

• वारणगतम् (vāraṇagatam) - the one mounted on the elephant (the king) (mounted on an elephant, riding an elephant)

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he made to fight, he fought

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata! (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (elephant) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, charging, falling upon

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, charging, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with the prefix 'ā-', and the 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, having observed, upon seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'pra-', and the 'lyap' suffix for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'krudh' (to be angry) with the 'kta' suffix.

Root: krudh (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (a name of Arjuna), fire (mythological), a type of snake

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)

भूमिष्ठः (bhūmiṣṭhaḥ) - standing on the ground, situated on the ground

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmiṣṭha

bhūmiṣṭha - standing on the ground, situated on the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+stha)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

वारणगतम् (vāraṇagatam) - the one mounted on the elephant (the king) (mounted on an elephant, riding an elephant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāraṇagata

vāraṇagata - mounted on an elephant, having gone on an elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāraṇa+gata)

• vāraṇa – elephant, war elephant
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, mounted (past passive participle of gam)
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the 'kta' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he made to fight, he fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yudh

Periphrastic Perfect (Causative)

Formed from the causative stem 'yodhaya' of the root 'yudh' (to fight), using the periphrastic perfect auxiliary 'ās'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata! (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, related to India

Patronymic from Bharata.