महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-56, verse-15

भीष्म उवाच ।
कुशिकस्तु मुनेर्वाक्यं च्यवनस्य महात्मनः ।
श्रुत्वा हृष्टोऽभवद्राजा वाक्यं चेदमुवाच ह ।
एवमस्त्विति धर्मात्मा तदा भरतसत्तम ॥१५॥

15. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kuśikastu munervākyaṁ cyavanasya mahātmanaḥ ,
śrutvā hṛṣṭo'bhavadrājā vākyaṁ cedamuvāca ha ,
evamastviti dharmātmā tadā bharatasattama.

15. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kuśikaḥ tu muneḥ vākyaṃ
cyavanasya mahātmanaḥ śrutvā hṛṣṭaḥ
abhavat rājā vākyaṃ ca idam uvāca ha evam
astu iti dharmātmā tadā bharatasattama

15. bharatasattama bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tu mahātmanaḥ
cyavanasya muneḥ vākyaṃ śrutvā rājā
kuśikaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ abhavat ca tadā
dharmātmā idam vākyaṃ ha uvāca iti evam astu

15. Bhīṣma said: O best of the Bhāratas (bharatasattama), having heard the words of the great-souled sage Cyavana, King Kuśika became joyful. Then, that righteous one (dharmātmā) spoke this word: 'So be it!'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The character Bhīṣma (who narrates) (Bhīṣma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• कुशिकः (kuśikaḥ) - King Kuśika (Kuśika)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• मुनेः (muneḥ) - of the sage (of the sage, from the sage)

• वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - words, speech (word, speech, saying, sentence)

• च्यवनस्य (cyavanasya) - of Cyavana

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful (glad, joyful, delighted)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was)

• राजा (rājā) - King Kuśika (king)

• वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - word (this particular statement) (word, speech, saying, sentence)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• इदम् (idam) - this (word/statement) (this, this one)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, spoke)

• ह (ha) - indeed (particle of emphasis) (indeed, surely, verily)

• एवम् (evam) - so, thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be (so) (let it be, may it be)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of quotation) (thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker))

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous one (King Kuśika) (righteous, virtuous, one whose (ātman) is (dharma))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best of the Bhāratas (referring to the listener, e.g., Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The character Bhīṣma (who narrates) (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a proper name, lit. 'terrible')

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Speaker indicator.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

कुशिकः (kuśikaḥ) - King Kuśika (Kuśika)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśika

kuśika - Name of a king, father of Gadhi and grandfather of Viśvāmitra.

Note: Subject of 'abhavat' and 'uvāca'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

मुनेः (muneḥ) - of the sage (of the sage, from the sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired holy man (muni)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `vākyam`.

वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - words, speech (word, speech, saying, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of `śrutvā`.

च्यवनस्य (cyavanasya) - of Cyavana

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cyavana

cyavana - Name of a sage, son of Bhṛgu.

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `muneḥ`.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, (mahātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + ātman (soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective/prefix (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, used as a prefix.
• ātman – breath, soul, self, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `cyavanasya`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'śru' + -tvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses prior action.

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful (glad, joyful, delighted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - glad, joyful, pleased, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, be glad) + -ta suffix.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Augment 'a-' + root 'bhū' + imperfect endings.

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - King Kuśika (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

वाक्यं (vākyaṁ) - word (this particular statement) (word, speech, saying, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of `uvāca`.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (word/statement) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `vākyam`.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed (particle of emphasis) (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

A particle, often used for emphasis or narrative continuity.

एवम् (evam) - so, thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Part of direct speech 'evam astu'.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be (so) (let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - (marks the end of quotation) (thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Quotation particle.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - the righteous one (King Kuśika) (righteous, virtuous, one whose (ātman) is (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, one whose nature (dharma) is in accordance with (dharma), one whose spirit (ātman) is (dharma)

Bahuvrīhi compound: dharma (righteousness, natural law) + ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – breath, soul, self, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to Kuśika.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best of the Bhāratas (referring to the listener, e.g., Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - O best of the Bhāratas, O noblest among the descendants of Bharata

Tatpuruṣa compound: bharata (Bharata) + sattama (best). Used in vocative.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – Bharata (name of an ancient king), a descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative
  Superlative suffix -tama. From root 'as' (to be) + -tama.
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Addressed to the listener.